Now let me compile all the gathered data into a comprehensive reference document.
MTOR Gene: Comprehensive Cross-Database Identifier and Functional Mapping Reference
Gene: MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Generated: 2026-03-27
Section 1: Gene Identifiers
Primary Gene Identifiers
| Database | Identifier | Details |
|---|
| HGNC | HGNC:3942 | Approved symbol: MTOR |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000198793 | protein_coding |
| NCBI Entrez Gene | 2475 | - |
| OMIM Gene | 601231 | Gene/Locus MIM |
| CCDS | CCDS127 | Consensus CDS |
Gene Names and Aliases
| Type | Values |
|---|
| Approved Name | mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase |
| Previous Names | FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1; mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) |
| Previous Symbols | FRAP, FRAP1, FRAP2 |
| Aliases | mTOR, RAFT1, RAPT1, FLJ44809, SKS |
| Locus Group | protein-coding gene |
| Status | Approved |
Genomic Location
| Property | Value |
|---|
| Chromosome | 1 |
| Cytogenetic Band | 1p36.22 |
| Start Position | 11,106,531 (GRCh38) |
| End Position | 11,262,556 (GRCh38) |
| Strand | Minus (-) |
| Genomic Accession | NC_000001.11 |
| Gene Length | ~156 kb |
Gene Groups/Families
- MTOR complex 1
- MTOR complex 2
- Armadillo like helical domain containing
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase family
Section 2: Transcript Identifiers
Ensembl Transcripts
Total Ensembl Transcripts: 24
| Transcript ID | Biotype | Start | End | Notes |
|---|
| ENST00000361445 | protein_coding | 11,106,535 | 11,262,551 | Canonical transcript |
| ENST00000703140 | protein_coding | 11,106,535 | 11,262,530 | - |
| ENST00000703143 | protein_coding | 11,106,535 | 11,262,536 | - |
| ENST00000875524 | protein_coding | 11,106,535 | 11,262,539 | - |
| ENST00000875525 | protein_coding | 11,106,535 | 11,262,517 | - |
| ENST00000934310 | protein_coding | 11,106,531 | 11,262,540 | - |
| ENST00000934311 | protein_coding | 11,106,535 | 11,262,538 | - |
| ENST00000934312 | protein_coding | 11,106,539 | 11,262,535 | - |
| ENST00000934313 | protein_coding | 11,106,537 | 11,262,531 | - |
| ENST00000934314 | protein_coding | 11,106,539 | 11,262,514 | - |
| ENST00000934315 | protein_coding | 11,106,537 | 11,262,506 | - |
| ENST00000703132 | protein_coding_CDS_not_defined | 11,225,472 | 11,259,390 | - |
| ENST00000703144 | protein_coding_CDS_not_defined | 11,245,127 | 11,247,904 | - |
| ENST00000703118 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 11,106,590 | 11,262,514 | - |
| ENST00000703139 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 11,106,535 | 11,262,551 | - |
| ENST00000703141 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 11,106,537 | 11,262,528 | - |
| ENST00000703142 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 11,106,558 | 11,262,556 | - |
| ENST00000376838 | retained_intron | 11,106,535 | 11,131,558 | - |
| ENST00000455339 | retained_intron | 11,109,303 | 11,115,663 | - |
| ENST00000473471 | retained_intron | 11,107,285 | 11,114,629 | - |
| ENST00000476768 | retained_intron | 11,138,954 | 11,139,660 | - |
| ENST00000490931 | retained_intron | 11,107,307 | 11,115,527 | - |
| ENST00000495435 | retained_intron | 11,131,594 | 11,145,025 | - |
| ENST00000703131 | retained_intron | 11,106,860 | 11,193,730 | - |
RefSeq Transcripts (Human, Chromosome 1)
Total RefSeq mRNAs: 6 | RefSeq Proteins: 6
| RefSeq ID | Type | Status | MANE Select |
|---|
| NM_004958 | mRNA | REVIEWED | ✓ Yes (Canonical) |
| NM_001386500 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001386501 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_004949 | protein | REVIEWED | ✓ Yes (Canonical) |
| NP_001373429 | protein | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001373430 | protein | REVIEWED | No |
CCDS Identifiers
Exons for Canonical Transcript (ENST00000361445)
Total Exon Count: 58
| Exon ID | Start | End | Length |
|---|
| ENSE00001471842 | 11,262,445 | 11,262,551 | 107 bp |
| ENSE00003988097 | 11,259,248 | 11,259,423 | 176 bp |
| ENSE00003988108 | 11,258,485 | 11,258,593 | 109 bp |
| ENSE00003988131 | 11,256,933 | 11,257,165 | 233 bp |
| ENSE00003988142 | 11,255,992 | 11,256,192 | 201 bp |
| ENSE00003988147 | 11,253,839 | 11,253,973 | 135 bp |
| ENSE00003988093 | 11,247,819 | 11,248,094 | 276 bp |
| ENSE00000743810 | 11,247,625 | 11,247,733 | 109 bp |
| ENSE00000743807 | 11,243,114 | 11,243,300 | 187 bp |
| ENSE00000743805 | 11,241,553 | 11,241,681 | 129 bp |
| ... | ... | ... | ... |
| ENSE00003988098 | 11,106,535 | 11,107,500 | 966 bp |
(58 exons total - showing representative sample)
Section 3: Protein Identifiers
UniProt Accessions
| UniProt ID | Name | Status | Length | Mass |
|---|
| P42345 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR | ✓ Reviewed (Swiss-Prot) | 2,549 aa | 288,892 Da |
Alternative Names (from UniProt)
- FK506-binding protein 12-rapamycin complex-associated protein 1
- FKBP12-rapamycin complex-associated protein
- Mammalian target of rapamycin
- Mechanistic target of rapamycin
- Rapamycin and FKBP12 target 1
- Rapamycin target protein 1
- Tyrosine-protein kinase mTOR
RefSeq Protein Accessions
| RefSeq Protein | Notes |
|---|
| NP_004949 | ✓ MANE Select (Canonical) |
| NP_001373429 | Isoform |
| NP_001373430 | Isoform |
Protein Domains and Families
Total InterPro Entries: 16
| InterPro ID | Short Name | Type |
|---|
| IPR000403 | PI3/4_kinase_cat_dom | Domain |
| IPR003151 | PIK-rel_kinase_FAT | Domain |
| IPR003152 | FATC_dom | Domain |
| IPR009076 | FRB_dom | Domain |
| IPR014009 | PIK_FAT | Domain |
| IPR024585 | mTOR_dom | Domain |
| IPR026683 | TOR_cat | Domain |
| IPR057564 | HEAT_ATR | Domain |
| IPR018936 | PI3/4_kinase_CS | Conserved_site |
| IPR011009 | Kinase-like_dom_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR011989 | ARM-like | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR011990 | TPR-like_helical_dom_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR016024 | ARM-type_fold | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR036738 | FRB_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR036940 | PI3/4_kinase_cat_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR050517 | DDR_Repair_Kinase | Family |
Human Paralogs
| Ensembl Gene | Symbol | Biotype |
|---|
| ENSG00000149311 | ATM | protein_coding |
| ENSG00000157106 | SMG1 | protein_coding |
| ENSG00000175054 | ATR | protein_coding |
| ENSG00000196367 | TRRAP | protein_coding |
| ENSG00000253729 | PRKDC | protein_coding |
Section 4: Structure Identifiers
Experimental Structures
Total PDB Structures: 61
| PDB ID | Method | Resolution | Title |
|---|
| 1AUE | X-RAY | 2.33 Å | FKBP-RAPAMYCIN BINDING DOMAIN (FRB) |
| 1FAP | X-RAY | 2.7 Å | FKBP12-RAPAMYCIN-FRAP complex |
| 1NSG | X-RAY | 2.2 Å | FKBP12-RAPAMYCIN-FRAP complex |
| 2FAP | X-RAY | 2.2 Å | FKBP12-C16-ETHOXY RAPAMYCIN-FRAP |
| 2GAQ | NMR | - | NMR structure of FRB domain |
| 2NPU | NMR | - | FRB domain solution structure |
| 3FAP | X-RAY | 1.85 Å | Rapamycin analogs-FKBP12-FRB |
| 4DRI | X-RAY | 1.45 Å | FKBP51-Rapamycin-FRB (highest res) |
| 4JSN | X-RAY | 3.2 Å | mTORdeltaN-mLST8 complex |
| 4JSP | X-RAY | 3.3 Å | mTOR-mLST8-ATPgammaS-Mg |
| 5FLC | Cryo-EM | 5.9 Å | mTORC1 architecture |
| 5H64 | Cryo-EM | 4.4 Å | Cryo-EM structure of mTORC1 |
| 6BCU | Cryo-EM | 3.8 Å | RHEB-mTORC1 activated |
| 6BCX | Cryo-EM | 3.23 Å | mTORC1 (high resolution) |
| 6ZWM | Cryo-EM | 3.2 Å | mTORC2 overall |
| 6ZWO | Cryo-EM | 3.0 Å | mTORC2 focused |
| 7PE7 | Cryo-EM | 3.41 Å | DEPTOR-mTORC2 |
| 8ERA | Cryo-EM | 2.86 Å | RMC-5552-mTORC1-FKBP12 |
| 9ED7 | Cryo-EM | 3.16 Å | Active mTOR on membrane |
Structure Methods Summary:
- X-ray Diffraction: 33 structures
- Cryo-EM: 27 structures
- NMR: 3 structures
AlphaFold Predicted Structure
| Property | Value |
|---|
| AlphaFold ID | P42345 |
| Global pLDDT Score | 78.57 |
| Sequence Length | 20,287 |
| Fraction Very High Confidence | 0.11 (11%) |
Section 5: Cross-Species Orthologs
| Organism | Ensembl Gene ID | Symbol | Biotype |
|---|
| Mouse (Mus musculus) | ENSMUSG00000028991 | Mtor | protein_coding |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) | ENSRNOG00000009615 | Mtor | protein_coding |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | ENSDARG00000053196 | mtor | protein_coding |
| Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) | FBGN0021796 | mTor | protein_coding |
| Worm (C. elegans) | No direct ortholog | - | TOR pathway present |
| Yeast (S. cerevisiae) | TOR1/TOR2 | TOR1, TOR2 | Two TOR genes |
Section 6: Clinical Variants & AI Predictions
ClinVar Variant Summary
Total Variants: 2,915
| Classification | Count |
|---|
| Pathogenic | 23 |
| Likely Pathogenic | 27 |
| Uncertain Significance (VUS) | ~2,400+ |
| Likely Benign | 250+ |
| Benign | 200+ |
Pathogenic Variants (23 total - All shown)
| ClinVar ID | HGVS Notation | Protein Change | Review Status |
|---|
| 156702 | c.5930C>A | p.Thr1977Lys | Expert panel |
| 156703 | c.6644C>T | p.Ser2215Phe | Expert panel |
| 1296989 | c.5930C>G | p.Thr1977Arg | Expert panel |
| 376129 | c.6644C>A | p.Ser2215Tyr | Expert panel |
| 376130 | c.4379T>C | p.Leu1460Pro | Expert panel |
| 376453 | c.4448G>A | p.Cys1483Tyr | Expert panel |
| 374796 | c.4447T>C | p.Cys1483Arg | Expert panel |
| 417723 | c.7280T>C | p.Leu2427Pro | Expert panel |
| 156709 | c.7255G>A | p.Glu2419Lys | Multiple submitters |
| 217823 | c.5395G>A | p.Glu1799Lys | Multiple submitters |
| 242349 | c.6981G>A | p.Met2327Ile | Multiple submitters |
| 520633 | c.7238G>T | p.Ser2413Ile | Multiple submitters |
| 584432 | c.5930C>T | p.Thr1977Ile | Multiple submitters |
| 190121 | c.4448G>T | p.Cys1483Phe | Single submitter |
| 224088 | c.4785G>A | p.Met1595Ile | Single submitter |
| 2579952 | c.4184A>G | p.Lys1395Arg | Single submitter |
| 2672094 | c.4376C>A | p.Ala1459Asp | Single submitter |
| 3774491 | c.4348T>G | p.Tyr1450Asp | Single submitter |
| 4056380 | c.7289G>C | p.Arg2430Thr | Single submitter |
| 981176 | c.7501A>T | p.Ile2501Phe | Single submitter |
| 1339561 | c.257del | p.Gly86fs | No criteria |
| 417724 | c.7280T>A | p.Leu2427Gln | No criteria |
| 417727 | c.4366T>G | p.Trp1456Gly | No criteria |
Likely Pathogenic Variants (27 total - TOP 20 shown)
| ClinVar ID | HGVS Notation | Protein Change | Review Status |
|---|
| 1296993 | c.4468T>C | p.Trp1490Arg | Expert panel |
| 1296997 | c.5005G>T | p.Ala1669Ser | Expert panel |
| 1213694 | c.1816T>C | p.Cys606Arg | Single submitter |
| 1310128 | c.5380G>A | p.Ala1794Thr | Single submitter |
| 1315046 | c.7076G>A | p.Gly2359Glu | Single submitter |
| 1320130 | c.5912C>T | p.Ala1971Val | Single submitter |
| 1685378 | c.4298T>C | p.Leu1433Ser | Single submitter |
| 2129739 | c.5664C>A | p.Phe1888Leu | Single submitter |
| 2672097 | c.5662T>C | p.Phe1888Leu | Multiple submitters |
| 3399624 | c.4250T>C | p.Ile1417Thr | Single submitter |
| 3731617 | c.5408A>C | p.His1803Pro | Single submitter |
| 376455 | c.7500T>G | p.Ile2500Met | Single submitter |
| 3764881 | c.5917A>T | p.Ile1973Phe | Single submitter |
| 3765844 | c.7535A>G | p.Asp2512Gly | Single submitter |
| 3771641 | c.4550C>T | p.Ala1517Val | Single submitter |
| 391346 | c.7292T>C | p.Leu2431Pro | Single submitter |
| 4279701 | c.6306C>A | p.Asp2102Glu | Single submitter |
| 4293751 | c.4961T>C | p.Leu1654Pro | Single submitter |
| 451914 | c.6643T>C | p.Ser2215Pro | Single submitter |
| 4537408 | c.6659T>C | p.Leu2220Pro | Single submitter |
AI-Based Variant Predictions
SpliceAI Predictions
Total Predictions: 8,698
TOP 20 High-Impact Splice-Altering Variants:
| Variant | Effect | Delta Score |
|---|
| 1:11108177:TCACC>T | donor_loss | 1.00 |
| 1:11108179:A>C | donor_loss | 1.00 |
| 1:11108179:AC>A | donor_gain | 1.00 |
| 1:11108179:ACCAG>A | donor_gain | 1.00 |
| 1:11108180:C>CG | donor_gain | 1.00 |
| 1:11108180:CC>C | donor_gain | 1.00 |
| 1:11107500:CCTAA>C | acceptor_loss | 0.99 |
| 1:11107501:C>CA | acceptor_loss | 0.99 |
| 1:11107510:C>CT | acceptor_gain | 0.99 |
| 1:11107511:A>T | acceptor_gain | 0.99 |
| 1:11107107:CCA>C | acceptor_gain | 0.98 |
| 1:11107498:CAC>C | acceptor_gain | 0.98 |
| 1:11107501:C>CC | acceptor_gain | 0.98 |
| 1:11108175:A>AC | donor_gain | 0.93 |
| 1:11108176:C>CC | donor_gain | 0.93 |
| 1:11107497:GCAC>G | acceptor_gain | 0.91 |
| 1:11107498:CACC>C | acceptor_gain | 0.91 |
| 1:11107499:AC>A | acceptor_gain | 0.90 |
| 1:11107500:CC>C | acceptor_gain | 0.90 |
AlphaMissense Predictions
Total Predictions: 16,807
TOP 50 Predicted Pathogenic Missense Variants:
| Variant | Protein Change | Pathogenicity Score | Class |
|---|
| 1:11107491:G>C | F2548L | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11107491:G>T | F2548L | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108198:G>C | C2539W | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108200:A>G | C2539R | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108199:C>T | C2539Y | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11107500:C>A | W2545C | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108182:A>G | W2545R | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108202:A>G | L2538P | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11107488:C>A | W2549C | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11107488:C>G | W2549C | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11107490:A>G | W2549R | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11107184:C>T | G2544D | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11107185:C>G | G2544R | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108185:C>T | C2541Y | 0.998 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108194:A>G | C2541R | 0.998 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108184:C>A | G2544V | 0.998 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108199:C>A | C2539F | 0.998 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108202:A>T | L2538H | 0.998 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:11108204:G>C | N2537K | 0.998 | likely_pathogenic |
| ... | ... | ... | ... |
Section 7: Biological Pathways & Gene Ontology
Reactome Pathways
Total Pathways: 41
| Pathway ID | Pathway Name | Disease? |
|---|
| R-HSA-165159 | MTOR signalling | No |
| R-HSA-166208 | mTORC1-mediated signalling | No |
| R-HSA-380972 | Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK | No |
| R-HSA-9639288 | Amino acids regulate mTORC1 | No |
| R-HSA-1257604 | PIP3 activates AKT signaling | No |
| R-HSA-1632852 | Macroautophagy | No |
| R-HSA-9612973 | Autophagy | No |
| R-HSA-9711097 | Cellular response to starvation | No |
| R-HSA-3371571 | HSF1-dependent transactivation | No |
| R-HSA-389357 | CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling | No |
| R-HSA-5218920 | VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability | No |
| R-HSA-5628897 | TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes | No |
| R-HSA-6804757 | Regulation of TP53 Degradation | No |
| R-HSA-8943724 | Regulation of PTEN gene transcription | No |
| R-HSA-2219528 | PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer | Yes |
| R-HSA-5674400 | Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer | Yes |
| R-HSA-5663202 | Diseases of signal transduction | Yes |
| R-HSA-9920951 | Dengue virus modulates apoptosis | Yes |
| R-HSA-2262752 | Cellular responses to stress | No |
| R-HSA-3371556 | Cellular response to heat stress | No |
Gene Ontology Annotations
Biological Process (85 terms)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0031929 | TOR signaling |
| GO:0038202 | TORC1 signaling |
| GO:0038203 | TORC2 signaling |
| GO:0001558 | regulation of cell growth |
| GO:0030307 | positive regulation of cell growth |
| GO:0008361 | regulation of cell size |
| GO:0045727 | positive regulation of translation |
| GO:0045948 | positive regulation of translational initiation |
| GO:0010507 | negative regulation of autophagy |
| GO:0016241 | regulation of macroautophagy |
| GO:0016242 | negative regulation of macroautophagy |
| GO:0009267 | cellular response to starvation |
| GO:0034198 | cellular response to amino acid starvation |
| GO:0071230 | cellular response to amino acid stimulus |
| GO:0071233 | cellular response to L-leucine |
| GO:0032869 | cellular response to insulin stimulus |
| GO:0046627 | negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling |
| GO:0043066 | negative regulation of apoptotic process |
| GO:0046889 | positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process |
| GO:0045821 | positive regulation of glycolytic process |
Molecular Function (15 terms)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0004674 | protein serine/threonine kinase activity |
| GO:0004713 | protein tyrosine kinase activity |
| GO:0004672 | protein kinase activity |
| GO:0005524 | ATP binding |
| GO:0042802 | identical protein binding |
| GO:0043022 | ribosome binding |
| GO:0051219 | phosphoprotein binding |
| GO:0000822 | inositol hexakisphosphate binding |
| GO:0001002 | RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter DNA binding |
| GO:0001003 | RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter DNA binding |
| GO:0001006 | RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter DNA binding |
| GO:0001156 | TFIIIC-class transcription factor complex binding |
| GO:0004715 | non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity |
| GO:0044325 | transmembrane transporter binding |
| GO:0106310 | protein serine kinase activity |
Cellular Component (19 terms)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0031931 | TORC1 complex |
| GO:0031932 | TORC2 complex |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm |
| GO:0005634 | nucleus |
| GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm |
| GO:0005764 | lysosome |
| GO:0005765 | lysosomal membrane |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane |
| GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum |
| GO:0005789 | endoplasmic reticulum membrane |
| GO:0000139 | Golgi membrane |
| GO:0005741 | mitochondrial outer membrane |
| GO:0005635 | nuclear envelope |
| GO:0016605 | PML body |
| GO:0030425 | dendrite |
| GO:0045335 | phagocytic vesicle |
| GO:0012505 | endomembrane system |
| GO:0016020 | membrane |
Section 8: Protein Interactions & Molecular Networks
STRING Protein-Protein Interactions
Total Interactions: 8,056+
TOP 50 Highest-Confidence Interactors:
| UniProt ID | Gene | Score | Description |
|---|
| Q6R327 | RICTOR | 999 | Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR |
| Q8N122 | RPTOR | 999 | Regulatory-associated protein of mTOR |
| Q9BVC4 | MLST8 | 999 | mLST8/GβL |
| P20071 | FKBP1A | 998 | FK506-binding protein 1A |
| Q9BPZ7 | MAPKAP1 | 998 | SIN1 |
| P85299 | AKT1S1 | 997 | PRAS40 |
| Q15382 | RHEB | 997 | Ras homolog enriched in brain |
| Q8TB45 | DEPTOR | 997 | DEP domain containing mTOR-interacting protein |
| Q96B36 | AKT1S1 | 997 | Proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 |
| P23443 | RPS6KB1 | 978 | Ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 |
| O75385 | ULK1 | 972 | Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 |
| P49815 | TSC2 | 962 | Tuberous sclerosis 2 |
| P31749 | AKT1 | 955 | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase |
| Q13541 | EIF4EBP1 | 952 | 4E-BP1 |
| P08227 | APOA1 | 947 | Apolipoprotein A1 |
| O43156 | RRAGC | 939 | Ras related GTP binding C |
| P60484 | PTEN | 923 | Phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| Q92574 | TSC1 | 915 | Tuberous sclerosis 1 |
| P06730 | EIF4E | 910 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E |
| Q6MZQ0 | LAMTOR1 | 902 | Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR1 |
| Q9HB90 | RRAGC | 901 | Ras-related GTP-binding protein C |
| Q14318 | FKBP8 | 896 | FK506-binding protein 8 |
| Q9UBS0 | RPS6KB2 | 894 | Ribosomal protein S6 kinase B2 |
| Q5VZM2 | LAMTOR3 | 886 | Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR3 |
| P01308 | INS | 882 | Insulin |
| Q7L523 | RRAGA | 869 | Ras-related GTP-binding protein A |
| Q96EB6 | SIRT1 | 868 | Sirtuin 1 |
| Q9NQX3 | GPHN | 861 | Gephyrin |
| Q14457 | BECN1 | 851 | Beclin 1 |
| P08069 | IGF1R | 844 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor |
| P19484 | TFEB | 839 | Transcription factor EB |
| P48736 | PIK3CG | 837 | PI3K catalytic subunit gamma |
| O75143 | ATG13 | 836 | Autophagy related 13 |
| Q13501 | SQSTM1 | 832 | Sequestosome 1 |
| Q8TDY2 | RB1CC1 | 828 | RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 |
| Q9H1Y0 | ATG5 | 820 | Autophagy related 5 |
| P35568 | IRS1 | 813 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 |
| Q8TF40 | FNIP1 | 808 | Folliculin-interacting protein 1 |
| P05198 | EIF2S1 | 804 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 |
| P24385 | CCND1 | 802 | Cyclin D1 |
| Q9NX09 | LAMTOR4 | 800 | Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR4 |
| P07900 | HSP90AA1 | 795 | Heat shock protein 90 alpha |
| P12931 | SRC | 787 | Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src |
| P08238 | HSP90AB1 | 785 | Heat shock protein 90 beta |
| Q16665 | HIF1A | 783 | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha |
| P01343 | LEP | 781 | Leptin |
| Q15831 | STK11 | 776 | Serine/threonine kinase 11 (LKB1) |
| P04637 | TP53 | 774 | Tumor protein p53 |
IntAct Experimentally Validated Interactions
Total IntAct Interactions: 467+
Key Validated Interactions (by confidence score):
| Interactor | Confidence | Interaction Type |
|---|
| RPTOR | 0.98 | physical association |
| RICTOR | 0.97 | association |
| ATG13/ULK1 | 0.94 | association |
| MAPKAP1 (SIN1) | 0.86 | association |
| AKT1 | 0.81 | phosphorylation reaction |
| FKBP1A | 0.79 | direct interaction |
| MLST8 | 0.76 | direct interaction |
| ULK1 | 0.70 | physical association |
| TELO2 | 0.60 | association |
| RHEB | 0.59 | physical association |
SIGNOR Signaling Interactions
Total SIGNOR Entries: 166
Key Regulatory Relationships:
| Entity A | Entity B | Effect | Mechanism | Score |
|---|
| MTOR | RPTOR | up-regulates activity | phosphorylation | 0.99 |
| MTOR | RPS6KB1 | up-regulates activity | phosphorylation | 0.96 |
| RHEB | MTOR | up-regulates activity | binding | 0.95 |
| MTOR | EIF4EBP1 | down-regulates activity | phosphorylation | 0.93 |
| MTOR | AKT1 | up-regulates activity | phosphorylation | 0.93 |
| MTOR | AKT1S1 | down-regulates activity | phosphorylation | 0.90 |
| MTOR | ULK1 | down-regulates activity | phosphorylation | 0.85 |
| MTOR | SGK1 | up-regulates | phosphorylation | 0.85 |
| sirolimus | MTOR | down-regulates | chemical inhibition | 0.80 |
| everolimus | MTOR | down-regulates | chemical inhibition | 0.80 |
Protein Similarity
ESM2 Structural/Embedding Similarity
Total Similar Proteins: 95
| UniProt ID | Similarity Count | Top Similarity | Avg Similarity |
|---|
| Q9JLN9 (Mouse Mtor) | 50 | 1.0000 | 0.9812 |
| P42346 (Rat Mtor) | 50 | 1.0000 | 0.9812 |
| Q14571 (ITPR2) | 50 | 0.9999 | 0.9816 |
| Q14573 (ITPR3) | 50 | 0.9999 | 0.9824 |
| Q14643 (ITPR1) | 50 | 1.0000 | 0.9811 |
DIAMOND Sequence Similarity
Total Homologs: 35
| UniProt ID | Identity | Bitscore | Description |
|---|
| Q9JLN9 (Mouse) | 99.3% | 4917 | Mtor |
| P42346 (Rat) | 99.3% | 4917 | Mtor |
| Q13315 (ATR) | 88.4% | 5370 | ATR kinase |
| Q13535 (ATM) | 90.3% | 4737 | ATM kinase |
| Q9JKK8 (Mouse Atr) | 90.3% | 4746 | Atr |
| P42338 (PIK3CB) | 95.9% | 2079 | PI3K beta |
Section 9: Transcription Factor Regulatory Data
Note: MTOR encodes a kinase, not a classical transcription factor. However, it regulates transcription through phosphorylation cascades.
CollecTRI Transcription Factor Interactions
Total Entries: 7
Upstream Regulators (TFs that regulate MTOR):
| TF | Target | Regulation | Confidence |
|---|
| ATF4 | MTOR | - | Low |
| CEBPB | MTOR | - | Low |
| PDX1 | MTOR | - | Low |
| SOX2 | MTOR | Activation | High |
| SPI1 | MTOR | - | Low |
Downstream Targets (Genes regulated by MTOR signaling):
| Source | Target | Regulation | Confidence |
|---|
| MTOR | FLCN | Activation | - |
| MTOR | PIH1D1 | Activation | - |
DNA Binding Profiles
MTOR does not directly bind DNA. It regulates transcription through:
- Phosphorylation of transcription factors (TFEB, HIF1A, STAT3)
- Regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription
- mTORC1-dependent control of ribosome biogenesis
Section 10: Drug & Pharmacology Data
ChEMBL Target Information
ChEMBL Targets: 6
Total Compounds with Activity: 6,710+
Approved Drugs (Phase 4) Targeting MTOR
| ChEMBL ID | Drug Name | Type | Notes |
|---|
| CHEMBL413 | SIROLIMUS (Rapamycin) | Small molecule | First-in-class mTOR inhibitor |
| CHEMBL1908360 | EVEROLIMUS | Small molecule | Approved mTOR inhibitor |
| CHEMBL1201182 | TEMSIROLIMUS | Small molecule | Approved mTOR inhibitor |
| CHEMBL269732 | TACROLIMUS | Small molecule | Calcineurin inhibitor (immunosuppressant) |
| CHEMBL160 | CYCLOSPORINE | Protein | Immunosuppressant |
| CHEMBL2396661 | ALPELISIB | Small molecule | PI3K inhibitor |
| CHEMBL3218576 | COPANLISIB | Small molecule | PI3K inhibitor |
Phase 3+ Development Compounds
| ChEMBL ID | Drug Name | Phase | Type |
|---|
| CHEMBL1879463 | DACTOLISIB | Phase 3 | Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor |
| CHEMBL2017974 | BUPARLISIB | Phase 3 | PI3K inhibitor |
| CHEMBL2387080 | TASELISIB | Phase 3 | PI3K inhibitor |
| CHEMBL592445 | GEDATOLISIB | Phase 3 | Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor |
| CHEMBL219410 | ZOTAROLIMUS | Phase 3 | mTOR inhibitor (stent coating) |
| CHEMBL4285417 | CERALASERTIB | Phase 3 | ATR inhibitor |
Additional Approved Drugs with mTOR Activity
| ChEMBL ID | Drug Name | Primary Indication |
|---|
| CHEMBL76 | CHLOROQUINE | Antimalarial |
| CHEMBL41 | FLUOXETINE | Antidepressant |
| CHEMBL809 | SERTRALINE | Antidepressant |
| CHEMBL5416410 | DASATINIB | Kinase inhibitor (oncology) |
| CHEMBL803 | CYTARABINE | Antimetabolite |
| CHEMBL807 | MEMANTINE | NMDA antagonist |
PharmGKB Pharmacogenomics
| PharmGKB ID | Symbol | VIP Gene | CPIC Guideline |
|---|
| PA28360 | MTOR | Yes | No |
Section 11: Expression Profiles
Bgee Expression Summary
| Property | Value |
|---|
| Expression Breadth | Ubiquitous |
| Total Present Calls | 207 |
| Max Expression Score | 93.51 |
TOP 30 Tissues by Expression Score
| Tissue/Cell Type | Expression Score | Quality | Rank |
|---|
| Primordial germ cell in gonad | 93.51 | Gold | 3030 |
| Right hemisphere of cerebellum | 92.71 | Gold | 3400 |
| Cerebellar hemisphere | 92.28 | Gold | 3600 |
| Cerebellar cortex | 92.12 | Gold | 3670 |
| Left testis | 92.08 | Gold | 3690 |
| Right testis | 91.90 | Gold | 3780 |
| Gastrocnemius muscle | 91.56 | Gold | 3930 |
| Right frontal lobe | 91.20 | Gold | 4110 |
| Muscle of leg | 91.14 | Gold | 4130 |
| Hindlimb stylopod muscle | 90.74 | Gold | 4320 |
| Male germ line stem cell | 90.73 | Gold | 4320 |
| Ventricular zone (brain) | 90.60 | Gold | 4380 |
| Apex of heart | 90.27 | Gold | 4540 |
| Sigmoid colon muscle layer | 90.11 | Gold | 4610 |
| Testis | 90.10 | Gold | 4610 |
| Lower esophagus muscularis | 90.04 | Gold | 4640 |
| Lower esophagus | 90.02 | Gold | 4650 |
| Esophagogastric junction | 89.74 | Gold | 4790 |
| Tibial nerve | 89.65 | Gold | 4820 |
| Adenohypophysis (pituitary) | 89.59 | Gold | 4850 |
| Cerebellum | 89.47 | Gold | 4910 |
| Metanephros cortex (kidney) | 89.43 | Gold | 4930 |
| Stromal cell of endometrium | 89.38 | Gold | 4950 |
| Right lobe of liver | 89.08 | Gold | 5090 |
| Cortical plate (brain) | 89.07 | Gold | 5100 |
| Right adrenal gland cortex | 88.85 | Gold | 5200 |
| Right adrenal gland | 88.58 | Gold | 5320 |
| Popliteal artery | 88.48 | Gold | 5370 |
| Tibial artery | 88.47 | Gold | 5370 |
| Right atrium auricular region | 88.46 | Gold | 5380 |
Expression Pattern Summary
MTOR is ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in:
- Reproductive tissues: Testis, ovary, germ cells
- Nervous system: Cerebellum, cortex, brain regions
- Muscle: Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius, leg muscles)
- Heart: Cardiac tissues
- Endocrine: Pituitary, adrenal glands
- Metabolic organs: Liver, kidney, pancreatic islets
Section 12: Disease Associations
Mendelian/Monogenic Disease Links
GenCC Curated Gene-Disease Associations
| Disease | OMIM/Orphanet | Classification | Inheritance | Source |
|---|
| Smith-Kingsmore Syndrome (Macrocephaly-intellectual disability-neurodevelopmental disorder-small thorax syndrome) | OMIM:616638 | Definitive | Autosomal Dominant | Illumina, G2P |
| Smith-Kingsmore Syndrome | OMIM:616638 | Strong | Autosomal Dominant | Invitae |
| Smith-Kingsmore Syndrome | ORPHANET:457485 | Supportive | Autosomal Dominant | Orphanet |
Orphanet Disease Associations
| Orphanet ID | Disease Name | Type | Gene Count |
|---|
| 457485 | Macrocephaly-ID-neurodevelopmental disorder-small thorax syndrome | Malformation syndrome | 1 |
| 99802 | Hemimegalencephaly | Malformation syndrome | 3 |
| 269001 | Isolated focal cortical dysplasia type IIa | Histopathological subtype | 2 |
| 269008 | Isolated focal cortical dysplasia type IIb | Histopathological subtype | 3 |
HPO Phenotype Associations
Total Associated Phenotypes: 103
TOP 50 Clinical Phenotypes:
| HPO ID | Phenotype |
|---|
| HP:0001249 | Intellectual disability |
| HP:0001250 | Seizure |
| HP:0001263 | Global developmental delay |
| HP:0000256 | Macrocephaly |
| HP:0001355 | Megalencephaly |
| HP:0007206 | Hemimegalencephaly |
| HP:0032046 | Focal cortical dysplasia |
| HP:0002539 | Cortical dysplasia |
| HP:0002126 | Polymicrogyria |
| HP:0001302 | Pachygyria |
| HP:0002282 | Gray matter heterotopia |
| HP:0002079 | Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum |
| HP:0001273 | Abnormal corpus callosum morphology |
| HP:0002119 | Ventriculomegaly |
| HP:0002133 | Status epilepticus |
| HP:0007359 | Focal-onset seizure |
| HP:0011153 | Focal motor seizure |
| HP:0010864 | Severe intellectual disability |
| HP:0001328 | Specific learning disability |
| HP:0000729 | Autistic behavior |
| HP:0000752 | Hyperactivity |
| HP:0001252 | Hypotonia |
| HP:0001290 | Generalized hypotonia |
| HP:0002007 | Frontal bossing |
| HP:0000348 | High forehead |
| HP:0011220 | Prominent forehead |
| HP:0000316 | Hypertelorism |
| HP:0000154 | Wide mouth |
| HP:0000343 | Long philtrum |
| HP:0000319 | Smooth philtrum |
| HP:0000219 | Thin upper lip vermilion |
| HP:0005280 | Depressed nasal bridge |
| HP:0003196 | Short nose |
| HP:0011800 | Midface retrusion |
| HP:0005257 | Thoracic hypoplasia |
| HP:0001998 | Neonatal hypoglycemia |
| HP:0001943 | Hypoglycemia |
| HP:0001520 | Large for gestational age |
| HP:0001537 | Umbilical hernia |
| HP:0001540 | Diastasis recti |
| HP:0001538 | Protuberant abdomen |
| HP:0000957 | Cafe-au-lait spot |
| HP:0001028 | Hemangioma |
| HP:0025104 | Capillary malformation |
| HP:0001053 | Hypopigmented skin patches |
| HP:0000486 | Strabismus |
| HP:0000648 | Optic atrophy |
| HP:0002171 | Gliosis |
| HP:0002446 | Astrocytosis |
| HP:0001442 | Typified by somatic mosaicism |
GWAS Associations
Total GWAS Associations: 12
| GWAS Study | Trait | P-value | Chromosome |
|---|
| GCST002502 | Corneal curvature | 6×10⁻¹⁸ | 1 |
| GCST001101 | Corneal curvature | 4×10⁻¹³ | 1 |
| GCST90002397 | Mean spheric corpuscular volume | 1×10⁻²¹ | 1 |
| GCST90002396 | Mean reticulocyte volume | 5×10⁻¹⁶ | 1 |
| GCST006288 | Heel bone mineral density | 1×10⁻¹⁰ | 1 |
| GCST90002392 | Mean corpuscular volume | 4×10⁻⁹ | 1 |
| GCST90020024 | A body shape index | 5×10⁻⁹ | 1 |
| GCST011329 | Body mass index and type 2 diabetes | 2×10⁻⁸ | 1 |
| GCST003475 | Beard thickness | 4×10⁻⁷ | 1 |
| GCST002783 | Body mass index | 2×10⁻⁶ | 1 |
| GCST006288 | Heel bone mineral density | 2×10⁻⁶ | 1 |
| GCST002783 | Body mass index | 9×10⁻⁶ | 1 |
DATA SOURCES SUMMARY
| Database | Records | Primary Use |
|---|
| HGNC | 1 | Gene nomenclature |
| Ensembl | 24 transcripts | Genomic annotation |
| NCBI Entrez | 1 | Gene reference |
| RefSeq | 36 | Transcripts/proteins |
| UniProt | 1 (reviewed) | Protein annotation |
| OMIM | 1 | Mendelian genetics |
| ClinVar | 2,915 | Clinical variants |
| AlphaMissense | 16,807 | Missense predictions |
| SpliceAI | 8,698 | Splice predictions |
| PDB | 61 | 3D structures |
| Reactome | 41 | Pathways |
| GO | 119 | Functional annotation |
| STRING | 8,056+ | Protein interactions |
| IntAct | 467+ | Validated interactions |
| SIGNOR | 166 | Signaling interactions |
| ChEMBL | 6,710+ | Drug activities |
| Bgee | 207 tissues | Expression |
| GWAS Catalog | 12 | Trait associations |
| HPO | 103 | Phenotypes |
| GenCC | 4 | Gene-disease curation |
Document generated via BiobtreeDev cross-database queries. Data represents current database versions as of query date.
I have compiled a comprehensive cross-database identifier and functional mapping reference for human MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase).
Summary of Key Findings
| Category | Count/Key Info |
|---|
| Gene ID | HGNC:3942, ENSG00000198793, Entrez 2475 |
| Location | Chr1:11,106,531-11,262,556 (1p36.22), minus strand |
| Transcripts | 24 Ensembl transcripts, MANE Select: NM_004958 |
| Exons | 58 exons in canonical transcript |
| Protein | UniProt P42345, 2,549 aa, 289 kDa |
| Domains | 16 InterPro entries (PI3K, FAT, FATC, FRB, mTOR domains) |
| PDB Structures | 61 (33 X-ray, 27 Cryo-EM, 3 NMR) |
| Clinical Variants | 2,915 total (23 Pathogenic, 27 Likely Pathogenic) |
| AI Predictions | 16,807 AlphaMissense, 8,698 SpliceAI |
| Pathways | 41 Reactome pathways |
| GO Terms | 119 (85 BP, 15 MF, 19 CC) |
| Protein Interactions | 8,056+ STRING, 467+ IntAct |
| Targeting Drugs | Sirolimus, Everolimus, Temsirolimus (approved) |
| Expression | Ubiquitous (highest in testis, cerebellum, muscle) |
| Disease | Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (Definitive), Focal cortical dysplasia |
MTOR is a central regulator of cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy through mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes, making it a major therapeutic target in cancer, transplant rejection, and neurological
disorders.