PCSK9 - Comprehensive Cross-Database Identifier and Functional Mapping Reference
Human PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9)
Section 1: Gene Identifiers
| Database | Identifier | Notes |
|---|
| HGNC ID | HGNC:20001 | Approved |
| HGNC Symbol | PCSK9 | Approved symbol |
| Full Name | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 | |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000169174 | |
| NCBI Entrez Gene | 255738 | |
| OMIM | 607786 | Gene/locus |
| Gene Type | Protein-coding gene | |
Genomic Location (GRCh38):
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Chromosome | 1 |
| Cytogenetic Band | 1p32.3 |
| Start Position | 55,039,445 |
| End Position | 55,064,852 |
| Strand | + (forward) |
| Genomic Accession | NC_000001.11 |
Gene Aliases: FH3, FHCL3, HCHOLA3, LDLCQ1, NARC-1, NARC1, PC9
Previous Symbols: HCHOLA3
Gene Family: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin family
Section 2: Transcript Identifiers
Ensembl Transcripts
Total transcript count: 12
| Transcript ID | Biotype | Start | End | Strand |
|---|
| ENST00000302118 | protein_coding | 55039548 | 55064852 | + |
| ENST00000490692 | retained_intron | 55050934 | 55064850 | + |
| ENST00000673662 | protein_coding_CDS_not_defined | 55043966 | 55047332 | + |
| ENST00000673726 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 55039447 | 55064852 | + |
| ENST00000673903 | protein_coding | 55040295 | 55064797 | + |
| ENST00000673913 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 55039462 | 55064852 | + |
| ENST00000710286 | protein_coding | 55039456 | 55064852 | + |
| ENST00000713785 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 55039445 | 55064852 | + |
| ENST00000713786 | protein_coding | 55039468 | 55064852 | + |
| ENST00000713787 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 55039550 | 55064852 | + |
| ENST00000854983 | protein_coding | 55039548 | 55064852 | + |
| ENST00000923576 | protein_coding | 55039538 | 55064849 | + |
RefSeq Transcripts (Human PCSK9)
mRNA Transcripts:
| RefSeq ID | Type | Status | MANE Select |
|---|
| NM_174936 | mRNA | REVIEWED | ✓ Yes (Canonical) |
| NM_001407240 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001407241 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001407242 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001407243 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001407244 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001407245 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001407246 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001407247 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
Non-coding RNA Transcripts: NR_110451, NR_176318, NR_176319, NR_176320, NR_176321, NR_176322, NR_176323, NR_176324
CCDS IDs
Exons for Canonical Transcript (ENST00000302118)
Total exon count: 12
| Exon ID | Start | End | Strand |
|---|
| ENSE00004021261 | 55039548 | 55040044 | + |
| ENSE00001279167 | 55043843 | 55044034 | + |
| ENSE00001279161 | 55046523 | 55046646 | + |
| ENSE00004021268 | 55052278 | 55052411 | + |
| ENSE00004021270 | 55052650 | 55052791 | + |
| ENSE00004021269 | 55055993 | 55056189 | + |
| ENSE00004021262 | 55057331 | 55057514 | + |
| ENSE00004021266 | 55058036 | 55058209 | + |
| ENSE00004021274 | 55058499 | 55058647 | + |
| ENSE00004021273 | 55059486 | 55059663 | + |
| ENSE00004021265 | 55061375 | 55061556 | + |
| ENSE00004021264 | 55063369 | 55064852 | + |
Section 3: Protein Identifiers
UniProt Accessions
Total: 8 entries
| UniProt ID | Status | Notes |
|---|
| Q8NBP7 | Reviewed | ✓ Canonical (Swiss-Prot) |
| A0A669KAY4 | Unreviewed | TrEMBL |
| A0A669KB81 | Unreviewed | TrEMBL |
| A0A669KBG0 | Unreviewed | TrEMBL |
| A0AA34QVH0 | Unreviewed | TrEMBL |
| A0AAQ5BGU8 | Unreviewed | TrEMBL |
| A0AAQ5BGX4 | Unreviewed | TrEMBL |
| A0AAQ5BGZ8 | Unreviewed | TrEMBL |
Canonical Protein Properties (Q8NBP7):
| Property | Value |
|---|
| Length | 692 amino acids |
| Mass | 74,286 Da |
| Alternative Names | Neural apoptosis-regulated convertase 1, Proprotein convertase 9, Subtilisin/kexin-like protease PC9 |
RefSeq Protein Accessions (Human)
| RefSeq ID | Status | MANE Select |
|---|
| NP_777596 | REVIEWED | ✓ Yes (Canonical) |
| NP_001394169 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001394170 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001394171 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001394172 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001394173 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001394174 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001394175 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001394176 | REVIEWED | No |
Protein Domains and Families
Total: 10 InterPro entries
| InterPro ID | Name | Type |
|---|
| IPR000209 | Peptidase_S8/S53_dom | Domain |
| IPR010259 | S8pro/Inhibitor_I9 | Domain |
| IPR015500 | Peptidase_S8_subtilisin-rel | Family |
| IPR034193 | PCSK9_ProteinaseK-like | Domain |
| IPR036852 | Peptidase_S8/S53_dom_sf | Homologous superfamily |
| IPR037045 | S8pro/Inhibitor_I9_sf | Homologous superfamily |
| IPR041051 | PCSK9_C3 | Domain |
| IPR041052 | PCSK9_C2 | Domain |
| IPR041254 | PCSK9_C1 | Domain |
| IPR050131 | Peptidase_S8_subtilisin-like | Family |
Section 4: Structure Identifiers
Experimental Structures (PDB)
Total PDB structure count: 62
| PDB ID | Title | Method | Resolution (Å) |
|---|
| 2P4E | Crystal Structure of PCSK9 | X-RAY | 1.98 |
| 2PMW | Crystal Structure of PCSK9 | X-RAY | 2.3 |
| 2QTW | PCSK9 at 1.9Å Resolution | X-RAY | 1.9 |
| 2W2M | WT PCSK9-ΔCTD bound to WT EGF-A of LDLR | X-RAY | 2.4 |
| 2W2N | WT PCSK9-ΔCTD bound to EGF-A H306Y mutant | X-RAY | 2.3 |
| 2W2O | PCSK9-ΔCTD D374Y mutant bound to WT EGF-A | X-RAY | 2.62 |
| 2W2P | PCSK9-ΔCTD D374A mutant bound to EGF-A | X-RAY | 2.62 |
| 2W2Q | PCSK9-ΔCTD D374H mutant bound to EGF-A | X-RAY | 2.33 |
| 2XTJ | PCSK9 complex with 1D05 Fab | X-RAY | 2.7 |
| 3BPS | PCSK9:EGF-A complex | X-RAY | 2.41 |
| 3GCW | PCSK9:EGFA(H306Y) | X-RAY | 2.7 |
| 3GCX | PCSK9:EGFA (pH 7.4) | X-RAY | 2.7 |
| 3H42 | PCSK9 complex with competitive antibody Fab | X-RAY | 2.3 |
| 3M0C | PCSK9 complex with LDL receptor | X-RAY | 7.01 |
| 3P5B | LDLR/PCSK9 complex | X-RAY | 3.3 |
| 3P5C | LDLR/PCSK9 complex | X-RAY | 4.2 |
| 3SQO | PCSK9 J16 Fab complex | X-RAY | 2.7 |
| 4K8R | Anti-PCSK9 antibody (C-terminal) | X-RAY | 3.22 |
| 4NE9 | PCSK9 with LDLR peptide | X-RAY | 2.6 |
| 4NMX | PCSK9 with inhibitory peptide | X-RAY | 1.85 |
| 4OV6 | PCSK9 with Adnectin | X-RAY | 2.69 |
| 6U26 | PCSK9 with compound 16 | X-RAY | 1.53 |
| 6XIB | PCSK9 with cyclic peptide 30 | X-RAY | 1.55 |
| 6XIC | PCSK9 with cyclic peptide 40 | X-RAY | 1.38 |
| 6XID | PCSK9 with cyclic peptide 51 | X-RAY | 1.48 |
| 6XIE | PCSK9 with cyclic peptide 77 | X-RAY | 1.43 |
| 6XIF | PCSK9 with cyclic peptide 83 | X-RAY | 1.77 |
| 7ANQ | PCSK9 C-ter with VHH P1.40 | X-RAY | 2.2 |
| 7KEV | PCSK9 with cyclic peptide LDLR disruptor | X-RAY | 2.8 |
| 7S5H | PCSK9 with cyclic peptide 35 | X-RAY | 1.27 |
| 8WFR | PCSK9 (Biortus) | X-RAY | 1.95 |
| 6OLZ | Human ribosome nascent chain complex (PCSK9-RNC) | Cryo-EM | 3.9 |
| 6OM0 | Human ribosome nascent chain complex (PCSK9-RNC) | Cryo-EM | 3.1 |
| 6OM7 | Human ribosome nascent chain complex (PCSK9-RNC) | Cryo-EM | 3.7 |
Structure Summary:
- X-ray Diffraction: 59 structures
- Cryo-EM: 3 structures
- Resolution range: 1.27 - 7.01 Å
Predicted Structures (AlphaFold)
| AlphaFold ID | pLDDT (Global) | Sequence Length | Fraction Very High pLDDT |
|---|
| Q8NBP7 | 85.03 | 5208 | 0.67 (67%) |
Section 5: Cross-Species Orthologs
| Species | Ensembl Gene ID | Symbol | Biotype |
|---|
| Mouse (Mus musculus) | ENSMUSG00000044254 | Pcsk9 | protein_coding |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) | ENSRNOG00000006280 | Pcsk9 | protein_coding |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | ENSDARG00000074185 | pcsk9 | protein_coding |
| Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) | FBGN0004598 | Fur2 | protein_coding |
| Worm (C. elegans) | WBGENE00002232 | kpc-1 | protein_coding |
| Yeast (S. cerevisiae) | No ortholog | - | - |
Section 6: Clinical Variants & AI Predictions
ClinVar Variant Statistics
Total variants: 1,456
| Classification | Count |
|---|
| Pathogenic | 9 |
| Likely Pathogenic | 4 |
| Uncertain Significance (VUS) | ~100+ |
| Likely Benign | ~200+ |
| Benign | Several |
| Conflicting Classifications | Several |
Pathogenic Variants (All 9)
| ClinVar ID | HGVS Notation | Type | Review Status |
|---|
| 2027927 | c.381T>G (p.Ser127Arg) | SNV | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 2874 | c.646T>C (p.Phe216Leu) | SNV | no assertion criteria provided |
| 431555 | c.42_43insTG (p.Leu15fs) | Insertion | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 440706 | c.140C>G (p.Ser47Cys) | SNV | no assertion criteria provided |
| 440712 | c.248A>C (p.Lys83Thr) | SNV | no assertion criteria provided |
| 440715 | c.323T>C (p.Leu108Pro) | SNV | no assertion criteria provided |
| 440721 | c.1402A>G (p.Thr468Ala) | SNV | no assertion criteria provided |
| 440722 | c.1411G>T (p.Ala471Ser) | SNV | no assertion criteria provided |
| 440725 | c.2005G>C (p.Glu669Gln) | SNV | no assertion criteria provided |
Likely Pathogenic Variants (All 4)
| ClinVar ID | HGVS Notation | Type |
|---|
| 1015123 | c.653G>C (p.Arg218Thr) | SNV |
| 1120257 | c.1906A>C (p.Ser636Arg) | SNV |
| 4277664 | c.399+1G>A | SNV (splice) |
| 438337 | c.1061A>T (p.Asn354Ile) | SNV |
SpliceAI Predictions
Total predictions: 1,961
TOP 50 High-Scoring Splice-Altering Variants:
| Variant ID | Effect | Delta Score |
|---|
| 1:55040040:CCAAG:C | donor_loss | 0.99 |
| 1:55040042:AAGGT:A | donor_loss | 0.99 |
| 1:55040044:GGTG:G | donor_loss | 0.99 |
| 1:55040045:GT:G | donor_loss | 0.99 |
| 1:55040013:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.98 |
| 1:55039982:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.95 |
| 1:55039985:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.91 |
| 1:55040141:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.89 |
| 1:55040045:G:GG | donor_gain | 0.87 |
| 1:55040199:C:T | donor_gain | 0.86 |
| 1:55040731:G:T | donor_gain | 0.86 |
| 1:55040035:C:G | donor_gain | 0.83 |
| 1:55040014:A:T | donor_gain | 0.82 |
| 1:55040221:T:TA | donor_gain | 0.79 |
| 1:55040222:A:AA | donor_gain | 0.79 |
| 1:55040478:G:GG | donor_gain | 0.76 |
| 1:55040885:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.75 |
| 1:55040048:C:T | donor_gain | 0.74 |
| 1:55040477:A:AG | donor_gain | 0.72 |
| 1:55040839:C:T | donor_gain | 0.72 |
| 1:55040885:G:T | donor_gain | 0.72 |
| 1:55040131:T:G | donor_gain | 0.70 |
| 1:55040009:C:T | donor_gain | 0.67 |
| 1:55040043:AG:A | donor_gain | 0.63 |
| 1:55040044:GG:G | donor_gain | 0.63 |
| 1:55039997:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.62 |
| 1:55040727:C:T | donor_gain | 0.60 |
| 1:55040058:G:T | donor_gain | 0.60 |
| 1:55039964:C:CG | donor_gain | 0.58 |
| 1:55040156:TCGCC:T | donor_gain | 0.58 |
| 1:55040451:C:T | donor_gain | 0.57 |
| 1:55040398:GCACA:G | donor_loss | 0.51 |
AlphaMissense Predictions
Total predictions: 4,470
TOP 50 Likely Pathogenic Missense Variants:
| Variant ID | Protein Variant | Score | Classification |
|---|
| 1:55046551:T:A | I143N | 0.985 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046542:T:A | V140D | 0.972 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55044000:T:C | F122S | 0.963 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043867:T:G | Y78D | 0.955 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043874:T:A | V80E | 0.943 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043978:T:C | F115L | 0.933 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55044001:C:A | F122L | 0.933 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046591:G:C | W156C | 0.925 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043997:G:A | G121D | 0.923 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046594:C:A | N157K | 0.922 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043999:T:C | F122L | 0.913 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046551:T:G | I143S | 0.912 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55044012:T:A | M126K | 0.908 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046573:T:A | F150L | 0.900 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046571:T:C | F150L | 0.900 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55044012:T:G | M126R | 0.903 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046559:G:T | D146Y | 0.898 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046524:C:A | A134D | 0.892 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043979:T:C | F115S | 0.889 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043867:T:A | Y78N | 0.887 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043979:T:G | F115C | 0.882 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046555:G:C | E144D | 0.880 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043996:G:C | G121R | 0.877 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55044006:T:A | V124E | 0.877 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046560:A:C | D146A | 0.870 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046549:T:A | V149D | 0.867 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046560:A:G | D146G | 0.866 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046562:T:C | S147P | 0.856 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043928:T:C | L98P | 0.848 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046589:T:A | W156R | 0.846 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046561:C:A | D146E | 0.844 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043939:G:C | A102P | 0.843 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55044000:T:G | F122C | 0.831 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046554:A:G | E144G | 0.823 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046560:A:T | D146V | 0.818 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55044003:T:C | L123P | 0.812 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046558:G:C | E145D | 0.812 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55044013:G:A | M126I | 0.810 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043851:G:C | W72C | 0.808 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043849:T:A | W72R | 0.799 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55040027:T:C | F64L | 0.793 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043940:C:A | A102D | 0.780 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046541:G:T | V140F | 0.778 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046557:A:T | E145V | 0.773 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046542:T:G | V140G | 0.769 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043867:T:C | Y78H | 0.762 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55046550:A:T | I143F | 0.763 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55044012:T:C | M126T | 0.752 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043868:A:C | Y78S | 0.740 | likely_pathogenic |
| 1:55043978:T:G | F115V | 0.726 | likely_pathogenic |
Section 7: Biological Pathways & Gene Ontology
Reactome Pathways
Total pathway count: 4
| Pathway ID | Pathway Name |
|---|
| R-HSA-8964038 | LDL clearance |
| R-HSA-8866427 | VLDLR internalisation and degradation |
| R-HSA-8957275 | Post-translational protein phosphorylation |
| R-HSA-381426 | Regulation of IGF transport and uptake by IGFBPs |
Gene Ontology Annotations
Total GO terms: 54
Biological Process (24 terms)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0008203 | cholesterol metabolic process |
| GO:0042632 | cholesterol homeostasis |
| GO:0010989 | negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance |
| GO:0032802 | low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process |
| GO:0032805 | positive regulation of LDLR catabolic process |
| GO:1905601 | negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport |
| GO:0006641 | triglyceride metabolic process |
| GO:0006644 | phospholipid metabolic process |
| GO:0042157 | lipoprotein metabolic process |
| GO:0001822 | kidney development |
| GO:0001889 | liver development |
| GO:0001920 | negative regulation of receptor recycling |
| GO:0002091 | negative regulation of receptor internalization |
| GO:0002092 | positive regulation of receptor internalization |
| GO:0016540 | protein autoprocessing |
| GO:0006915 | apoptotic process |
| GO:0022008 | neurogenesis |
| GO:0030182 | neuron differentiation |
| GO:0043523 | regulation of neuron apoptotic process |
| GO:0043525 | positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process |
| GO:0007041 | lysosomal transport |
| GO:0009267 | cellular response to starvation |
| GO:0032869 | cellular response to insulin stimulus |
| GO:1903783 | negative regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane |
Molecular Function (13 terms)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0004175 | endopeptidase activity |
| GO:0004252 | serine-type endopeptidase activity |
| GO:0050750 | low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding |
| GO:0030169 | low-density lipoprotein particle binding |
| GO:0034189 | very-low-density lipoprotein particle binding |
| GO:0070326 | very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding |
| GO:0034185 | apolipoprotein binding |
| GO:0034190 | apolipoprotein receptor binding |
| GO:0003723 | RNA binding |
| GO:0019871 | sodium channel inhibitor activity |
| GO:0030547 | signaling receptor inhibitor activity |
| GO:0141110 | transporter inhibitor activity |
Cellular Component (17 terms)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region |
| GO:0005615 | extracellular space |
| GO:0009986 | cell surface |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane |
| GO:0031232 | extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane |
| GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum |
| GO:0005788 | endoplasmic reticulum lumen |
| GO:0005794 | Golgi apparatus |
| GO:0030134 | COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle |
| GO:0005764 | lysosome |
| GO:0005765 | lysosomal membrane |
| GO:0036020 | endolysosome membrane |
| GO:0005769 | early endosome |
| GO:0005770 | late endosome |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm |
| GO:0048471 | perinuclear region of cytoplasm |
| GO:1990666 | PCSK9-LDLR complex |
| GO:1990667 | PCSK9-AnxA2 complex |
Section 8: Protein Interactions & Molecular Networks
STRING Protein-Protein Interactions
Total interaction count: 2,840
TOP 50 Highest-Confidence Interactors:
| UniProt ID | Gene | Score | Description |
|---|
| Q8NBP7 | PCSK9 | 986 | Self (homodimerization) |
| P04114 | APOB | 986 | Apolipoprotein B-100 |
| P04035 | HMGCR | 900 | HMG-CoA reductase |
| Q92824 | PCSK5 | 868 | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 |
| Q99523 | SORT1 | 867 | Sortilin |
| P01133 | EGF | 827 | Epidermal growth factor |
| P08134 | RHOC | 823 | Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC |
| Q5SW96 | LDLRAD3 | 808 | LDLR class A domain-containing 3 |
| Q6PGN9 | SLC22A30 | 804 | Solute carrier family 22 member 30 |
| Q9HCU4 | CELSR2 | 798 | Cadherin EGF LAG 7-pass G-type receptor 2 |
| Q8WTV0 | SCARB1 | 792 | Scavenger receptor class B member 1 |
| Q12772 | SREBF2 | 785 | Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 |
| P11597 | CETP | 782 | Cholesteryl ester transfer protein |
| Q9Y5C1 | ANGPTL3 | 771 | Angiopoietin-related protein 3 |
| P02647 | APOA1 | 764 | Apolipoprotein A-I |
| P98155 | VLDLR | 749 | VLDL receptor |
| P16671 | CD36 | 745 | Platelet glycoprotein 4 |
| Q14108 | SCARB2 | 734 | Lysosome membrane protein 2 |
| Q14703 | MBTPS1 | 728 | Membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease |
| P02649 | APOE | 723 | Apolipoprotein E |
| Q9UHC9 | NPC1L1 | 723 | NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 |
| P00533 | EGFR | 720 | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| P02768 | ALB | 702 | Serum albumin |
| P08519 | LPA | 697 | Apolipoprotein(a) |
| P02656 | APOC3 | 693 | Apolipoprotein C-III |
| P09958 | FURIN | 686 | Furin |
| Q16549 | PCSK7 | 681 | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7 |
| Q9H222 | SUSD4 | 677 | Sushi domain-containing protein 4 |
| P55157 | MTTP | 670 | Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein |
| O60610 | DIAPH1 | 668 | Protein diaphanous homolog 1 |
| Q9H221 | SUSD3 | 668 | Sushi domain-containing protein 3 |
| O95477 | ABCA1 | 664 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 |
| Q8WWL2 | PCSK6 | 663 | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 |
| P12821 | ACE | 651 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| O96001 | TBC1D8B | 650 | TBC1 domain family member 8B |
| Q8WY64 | SIAE | 648 | Sialate O-acetylesterase |
| P04626 | ERBB2 | 647 | Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 |
| P98194 | ATP2C1 | 646 | Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 |
| Q6Q788 | APOOL | 636 | Apolipoprotein O-like |
| Q08AE8 | LDLRAD4 | 626 | LDLR class A domain-containing protein 4 |
| Q07869 | PPARA | 620 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha |
| P36956 | SREBF1 | 619 | Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 |
| P01308 | INS | 618 | Insulin |
| P02652 | APOA2 | 614 | Apolipoprotein A-II |
| P02654 | APOC1 | 609 | Apolipoprotein C-I |
| Q07954 | LRP1 | 607 | LDL receptor-related protein 1 |
| P29122 | PCSK2 | 599 | Neuroendocrine convertase 2 |
| P31749 | AKT1 | 597 | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase |
| P11150 | LIPC | 596 | Hepatic triacylglycerol lipase |
| P01130 | LDLR | 591 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor |
| P06307 | CCK | 581 | Cholecystokinin |
IntAct Curated Interactions
Total: 71 interactions
Key Direct Interactors:
| Gene A | Gene B | Interaction Type | Confidence |
|---|
| PCSK9 | LDLR | direct interaction | 0.68 |
| PCSK9 | ANXA2 | physical association | 0.61 |
| PCSK9 | MMP2 | cleavage reaction | 0.62 |
| FAM20C | PCSK9 | phosphorylation reaction | 0.44 |
| PCSK9 | SEC11C | physical association | 0.40 |
Protein Similarity
ESM2 Structural/Embedding Similarity
Total similar proteins: 51
TOP 20 Similar Proteins:
| UniProt ID | Top Similarity | Avg Similarity |
|---|
| A8T644 | 1.0000 | 0.9809 |
| A8T655 | 1.0000 | 0.9809 |
| A8T662 | 1.0000 | 0.9815 |
| A8T666 | 1.0000 | 0.9815 |
| A8T672 | 0.9999 | 0.9816 |
| A8T650 | 0.9999 | 0.9808 |
| Q8NBP7 | 0.9999 | 0.9809 |
| O14773 | 0.9999 | 0.9724 |
| O75173 | 0.9999 | 0.9795 |
| Q5IS74 | 0.9999 | 0.9726 |
| Q5RFQ8 | 0.9999 | 0.9798 |
| A8T658 | 0.9997 | 0.9811 |
| A8T677 | 0.9996 | 0.9811 |
| A8T682 | 0.9997 | 0.9808 |
| A8T688 | 0.9997 | 0.9811 |
| A8T695 | 0.9996 | 0.9807 |
| A8T6A1 | 0.9997 | 0.9809 |
| A8T6A6 | 0.9997 | 0.9809 |
| Q61139 | 0.9996 | 0.9770 |
| Q62849 | 0.9996 | 0.9773 |
DIAMOND Sequence Homology
Total homologous proteins: 18
| UniProt ID | Top Identity (%) | Top Bitscore |
|---|
| A8T662 | 99.70 | 1332 |
| A8T666 | 99.70 | 1332 |
| A8T644 | 99.30 | 1333 |
| A8T655 | 99.30 | 1335 |
| A8T672 | 99.30 | 1327 |
| Q8NBP7 | 99.00 | 1327 |
| A8T650 | 98.10 | 1326 |
| A8T682 | 97.20 | 1297 |
| A8T688 | 97.20 | 1295 |
| A8T658 | 97.00 | 1310 |
| A8T695 | 96.10 | 1296 |
| A8T6A1 | 95.20 | 1313 |
| A8T6A6 | 95.20 | 1321 |
| A8T677 | 94.90 | 1267 |
| Q80W65 | 91.10 | 1263 |
| P59996 | 90.90 | 1259 |
| O53945 | 49.00 | 361 |
| Q8SS86 | 33.90 | 110 |
Section 9: Transcription Factor Regulatory Data
Note: PCSK9 is NOT a transcription factor. This section covers TFs that regulate PCSK9 expression.
Upstream Regulators (TFs that regulate PCSK9)
Total: 10 known regulators
| Transcription Factor | Regulation Type | Confidence |
|---|
| SREBF1 | Activation | High |
| SREBF2 | Activation | High |
| HNF1A | Activation | High |
| HNF4A | Activation | Medium |
| NR1H4 (FXR) | Repression | Medium |
| PPARA | Repression | Medium |
| PPARG | - | High |
| HINFP | - | High |
| KAT7 | - | Low |
| TCF3 | - | High |
Key Regulatory Mechanisms:
- SREBF1/SREBF2 (Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins) are major activators of PCSK9 transcription in response to low cholesterol
- HNF1A/HNF4A (Hepatocyte nuclear factors) are liver-specific activators
- PPARA and NR1H4 (FXR) repress PCSK9 expression
Section 10: Drug & Pharmacology Data
FDA-Approved PCSK9-Targeting Drugs
| Drug | ChEMBL ID | Type | Phase | Trade Name | ATC Code |
|---|
| Evolocumab | CHEMBL2364655 | Antibody | 4 (Approved) | Repatha | C10AX13 |
| Alirocumab | CHEMBL2109540 | Antibody | 4 (Approved) | Praluent | C10AX14 |
| Inclisiran | CHEMBL3990033 | siRNA (Oligonucleotide) | 3 (Phase 3+) | Leqvio | C10AX16 |
Drug Details
Evolocumab (Repatha)
Mechanism: Monoclonal antibody that binds PCSK9, preventing LDLR degradation
Indications: Homozygous/heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke
Clinical Trials: 113 trials (Phase 1-4)
Alirocumab (Praluent)
Mechanism: Monoclonal antibody that binds PCSK9
Indications: Familial hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis
Clinical Trials: 84 trials (Phase 1-4)
Inclisiran (Leqvio)
Mechanism: siRNA that silences PCSK9 mRNA expression in hepatocytes
Indications: Hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis
Clinical Trials: 43 trials (Phase 1-3)
Additional Small Molecule/Peptide Inhibitors in Development
Total targeting molecules: 100+ (mostly preclinical)
Clinical Trials Summary (Evolocumab)
Total: 113+ trials
| Phase | Status | Count |
|---|
| Phase 4 | Various | 30+ |
| Phase 3 | Completed/Active | 40+ |
| Phase 2 | Completed | 20+ |
| Phase 1 | Completed | 5+ |
| Observational | Various | Several |
Representative Phase 4 Completed Trials:
| NCT ID | Title | Status |
|---|
| NCT02948777 | Effects on Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes | COMPLETED |
| NCT03096288 | Impact on Clopidogrel Effects with High Platelet Reactivity | COMPLETED |
| NCT03403374 | Safety in Indian Patients with HoFH | COMPLETED |
| NCT03829046 | Effects in Patients With Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Disease | COMPLETED |
| NCT03900026 | Effect on Saphenous Vein Graft Patency Post-CABG | COMPLETED |
| NCT03932721 | EXCEED-BHS3: Evolocumab + Empagliflozin in Diabetes | COMPLETED |
| NCT04710368 | Effect on Coronary Plaque Characteristics | COMPLETED |
Pharmacogenomics (PharmGKB)
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| PharmGKB ID | PA38617 |
| VIP Gene | Yes (Very Important Pharmacogene) |
| Has Variant Annotations | Yes |
| CPIC Guideline | No |
Section 11: Expression Profiles
Bgee Expression Summary
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Expression Breadth | Ubiquitous |
| Total Present Calls | 147 |
| Max Expression Score | 91.35 |
Tissue Expression (TOP 30 Tissues)
| Tissue (UBERON) | Expression Pattern |
|---|
| Liver (UBERON:0002107) | Highest |
| Right lobe of liver (UBERON:0001114) | High |
| Small intestine (UBERON:0002108) | High |
| Duodenum (UBERON:0002114) | High |
| Ileal mucosa (UBERON:0000331) | High |
| Colon (UBERON:0001155) | High |
| Transverse colon (UBERON:0001157) | High |
| Colonic mucosa (UBERON:0000317) | High |
| Kidney (UBERON:0002113) | High |
| Kidney cortex (UBERON:0001225) | High |
| Pancreas (UBERON:0001264) | Moderate |
| Islet of Langerhans (UBERON:0000006) | Moderate |
| Lung (UBERON:0002048) | Moderate |
| Stomach (UBERON:0000945) | Moderate |
| Esophagus (UBERON:0001043) | Moderate |
| Esophagus mucosa (UBERON:0002469) | Moderate |
| Adrenal gland (UBERON:0002369) | Moderate |
| Adrenal cortex (UBERON:0001235) | Moderate |
| Brain (UBERON:0000955) | Low-Moderate |
| Cerebellum (UBERON:0002037) | Moderate |
| Cerebellar cortex (UBERON:0002129) | Moderate |
| Cerebral cortex (UBERON:0000956) | Low |
| Frontal cortex (UBERON:0001870) | Low |
| Hypothalamus (UBERON:0001898) | Low |
| Spleen (UBERON:0002106) | Low |
| Blood (UBERON:0000178) | Low |
| Skin (UBERON:0000014) | Low |
| Adipose tissue (UBERON:0001013) | Low |
| Bone marrow (UBERON:0002371) | Low |
| Uterus (UBERON:0000995) | Low |
Cell Type Expression
| Cell Type (CL) | Notes |
|---|
| Hepatocyte | Primary expression site |
| Secondary oocyte (CL:0000655) | Detected |
| Oocyte (CL:0000023) | Detected |
| Stromal cell of endometrium (CL:0002255) | Detected |
Expression Pattern Summary:
- Highest expression: Liver (hepatocytes)
- Moderate expression: Small intestine, kidney, pancreas
- Lower expression: Brain, adrenal gland, other tissues
- Primary secreted protein: Enters circulation from liver
Section 12: Disease Associations
Mendelian/Monogenic Disease Links
GenCC Curated Associations
Total: 4 disease-gene validity classifications
| Disease | MONDO/OMIM | Classification | Inheritance | Submitter |
|---|
| Hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant, 3 | MONDO:0011369 | Definitive | Autosomal dominant | Ambry Genetics |
| Hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant, 3 | OMIM:603776 | Strong | Autosomal dominant | Genomics England PanelApp |
| Hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant, 3 | OMIM:603776 | Strong | Autosomal dominant | Labcorp Genetics |
| Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia | ORPHANET:391665 | Supportive | Autosomal recessive | Orphanet |
Orphanet Disease Association
| Orphanet ID | Disease Name | Type | Gene Count | Phenotype Count |
|---|
| 391665 | Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia | Disease | 6 | 33 |
Phenotype Associations (HPO)
Total: 37 phenotypes
| HPO ID | Phenotype |
|---|
| HP:0003124 | Hypercholesterolemia |
| HP:0003141 | Increased LDL cholesterol concentration |
| HP:0003077 | Hyperlipidemia |
| HP:0031886 | Abnormal LDL cholesterol concentration |
| HP:0001677 | Coronary artery atherosclerosis |
| HP:0005181 | Premature coronary artery atherosclerosis |
| HP:0004416 | Precocious atherosclerosis |
| HP:0005177 | Premature arteriosclerosis |
| HP:0001658 | Myocardial infarction |
| HP:0001645 | Sudden cardiac death |
| HP:0001681 | Angina pectoris |
| HP:0030882 | Coronary artery aneurysm |
| HP:0000991 | Xanthomatosis |
| HP:0010874 | Tendon xanthomatosis |
| HP:0001114 | Xanthelasma |
| HP:0001084 | Corneal arcus |
| HP:0000822 | Hypertension |
| HP:0001920 | Renal artery stenosis |
| HP:0004950 | Peripheral arterial stenosis |
| HP:0007201 | Cerebral artery atherosclerosis |
| HP:0012397 | Aortic atherosclerotic lesion |
| HP:0004963 | Calcification of the aorta |
| HP:0004381 | Supravalvular aortic stenosis |
| HP:0001397 | Hepatic steatosis |
| HP:0000799 | Renal steatosis |
| HP:0006693 | Myocardial steatosis |
| HP:0001653 | Mitral regurgitation |
| HP:0005162 | Abnormal left ventricular function |
| HP:0030148 | Heart murmur |
| HP:0002094 | Dyspnea |
| HP:0002829 | Arthralgia |
| HP:0100261 | Abnormal tendon morphology |
| HP:0001138 | Optic neuropathy |
| HP:0012373 | Abnormal eye physiology |
| HP:0012638 | Abnormal nervous system physiology |
| HP:0003000062 | Abnormal internal carotid artery morphology |
| HP:0000006 | Autosomal dominant inheritance |
GWAS Associations
Total: 179+ associations
TOP 30 GWAS Associations:
| Study ID | Trait | P-value |
|---|
| GCST006612_63 | LDL cholesterol | 3×10⁻²⁵⁷ |
| GCST006614_64 | Total cholesterol levels | 8×10⁻¹⁷⁵ |
| GCST008078_14 | LDL cholesterol × alcohol interaction | 3×10⁻¹⁷⁶ |
| GCST008079_128 | LDL cholesterol × alcohol interaction | 2×10⁻¹⁷⁵ |
| GCST008086_3 | LDL cholesterol in current drinkers | 1×10⁻¹⁰¹ |
| GCST002898_8 | LDL cholesterol | 2×10⁻⁹² |
| GCST002896_38 | Cholesterol, total | 6×10⁻⁷³ |
| GCST007931_34 | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor use | 9×10⁻⁶⁴ |
| GCST007848_1 | LDL cholesterol | 3×10⁻⁵⁹ |
| GCST008077_42 | LDL cholesterol levels | 7×10⁻⁵² |
| GCST002222_40 | LDL cholesterol | 3×10⁻⁵⁰ |
| GCST000134_5 | LDL cholesterol | 2×10⁻⁴⁴ |
| GCST004233_11 | LDL cholesterol levels | 3×10⁻⁴² |
| GCST002221_2 | Cholesterol, total | 2×10⁻³⁹ |
| GCST006612_17 | LDL cholesterol | 5×10⁻³⁶ |
| GCST004235_25 | Total cholesterol levels | 1×10⁻³² |
| GCST006614_75 | Total cholesterol levels | 7×10⁻²⁹ |
| GCST000759_30 | LDL cholesterol | 2×10⁻²⁸ |
| GCST009240_283 | Serum metabolite levels | 7×10⁻²⁶ |
| GCST005194_104 | Coronary artery disease | 2×10⁻²⁵ |
| GCST009240_321 | Serum metabolite levels | 1×10⁻²⁴ |
| GCST006034_32 | Total cholesterol levels | 1×10⁻²³ |
| GCST009240_28 | Serum metabolite levels | 3×10⁻²³ |
| GCST005195_45 | Coronary artery disease | 2×10⁻²² |
| GCST009240_268 | Serum metabolite levels | 4×10⁻²² |
| GCST009240_502 | Serum metabolite levels | 2×10⁻²¹ |
| GCST009240_125 | Serum metabolite levels | 5×10⁻²⁰ |
| GCST009240_161 | Serum metabolite levels | 7×10⁻²⁰ |
| GCST009240_230 | Serum metabolite levels | 4×10⁻²⁰ |
| GCST009240_123 | Serum metabolite levels | 1×10⁻¹⁸ |
Key GWAS Trait Categories:
- LDL Cholesterol: Strongest associations (p < 10⁻²⁵⁷)
- Total Cholesterol: Multiple strong associations
- Coronary Artery Disease: Significant associations
- Myocardial Infarction: Associated
- Statin Response: Pharmacogenomic associations
- Serum Metabolites: Multiple lipoprotein-related metabolites
QUICK REFERENCE SUMMARY
Key Identifiers at a Glance
| Category | Primary Identifier |
|---|
| Gene (HGNC) | HGNC:20001 |
| Gene (Ensembl) | ENSG00000169174 |
| Gene (NCBI) | 255738 |
| Gene (OMIM) | 607786 |
| Protein (UniProt) | Q8NBP7 |
| Protein (RefSeq) | NP_777596 |
| Transcript (MANE Select) | NM_174936 / ENST00000302118 |
| CCDS | CCDS603 |
| AlphaFold | AF-Q8NBP7 |
| PharmGKB | PA38617 (VIP Gene) |
Clinical Significance
- Primary Disease: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Autosomal Dominant, Type 3)
- Therapeutic Target: FDA-approved drugs (Evolocumab, Alirocumab, Inclisiran)
- Biological Function: Degrades LDLR → Increases LDL-cholesterol
- Loss-of-Function Effect: Protective against cardiovascular disease
Reference compiled from BioBTree integrated biological databases, April 2026
I’ve compiled a comprehensive cross-database identifier and functional mapping reference for human PCSK9 covering all 12 requested sections:
Summary of Data Coverage:
| Section | Key Findings |
|---|
| Gene IDs | HGNC:20001, ENSG00000169174, Entrez 255738, OMIM 607786 |
| Transcripts | 12 Ensembl transcripts, NM_174936 (MANE Select), 12 exons |
| Proteins | Q8NBP7 (canonical), 692 aa, 74 kDa, 10 InterPro domains |
| Structures | 62 PDB structures (mostly X-ray, 1.27-7.01 Å resolution) |
| Orthologs | Mouse, rat, zebrafish, fly, worm (no yeast ortholog) |
| Clinical Variants | 1,456 ClinVar variants (9 pathogenic, 4 likely pathogenic), 1,961 SpliceAI predictions, 4,470 AlphaMissense predictions |
| Pathways/GO | 4 Reactome pathways, 54 GO terms (cholesterol metabolism central) |
| Interactions | 2,840 STRING interactions, 71 IntAct interactions (LDLR key partner) |
| Regulation | 10 upstream TFs (SREBF1/2, HNF1A main activators) |
| Drugs | 3 approved/advanced drugs (Evolocumab, Alirocumab, Inclisiran), 113+ clinical trials |
| Expression | Liver-predominant, ubiquitous low expression elsewhere |
| Disease | Familial hypercholesterolemia (definitive), 37 HPO phenotypes, 179+ GWAS associations |