# NM_004304.5(ALK):c.2853T>C (p.Asp951=)

https://sugi.bio/variant/alk-p-asp951

## Summary

**ALK p.Asp951= (c.2853T>C)** is classified **Likely benign** in ALK (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 3 submitters; last evaluated 2025-10-16). Very rare (popmax 0.00254%, nfe); Associated with hereditary neoplastic syndrome.

**At a glance:** Likely benign · review: Multiple submitters · rsID rs201222888 · 3 submitters · 2 linked conditions · very rare (popmax 0.00254%, nfe)

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the ALK gene that is classified as likely benign — not considered disease-causing, submitted by 3 submitters, and is linked to hereditary neoplastic syndrome.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical trials | 31 registered for this condition — see ClinicalTrials.gov |

**Support & next steps:** [Condition overview & support (NIH GARD)](https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/0019921/index) · [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [ALK](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/ALK/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Asp951= |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.2853T>C |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_004304](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_004304) |
| dbSNP | [rs201222888](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs201222888/) |
| Variant type | single nucleotide variant |
| Location | chr2:29227635-29227635 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV412918](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/412918/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `LRG_488:g.698932T>C`, `NC_000002.11:g.29450501A>G`, `NC_000002.12:g.29227635A>G`, `NG_009445.1:g.698932T>C`, `NM_004304.5:c.2853T>C`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** Mixed / partial computational evidence (see below).

- **Missense predictors (AlphaMissense/REVEL/SaProt) do not apply** to this variant type — they score amino-acid substitutions only. For non-missense variants the computational signal comes from conservation (below), not from a missing predictor score.
- Conservation: phyloP -0.692, GERP -3.52 — not a conserved position (phyloP < 0.1, ACGS BP7 cut)
- CADD: **PHRED 4.575**. No single ClinGen-calibrated threshold exists and the expert panels that use CADD disagree — GUCY2D/AIPL1 require ≥ 20.0 for an untranslated-region variant, ABCA4 ≥ 28.1 for a synonymous or indel variant, the Pulmonary Hypertension panel imports Pejaver 2022's missense-calibrated numbers, and the Antibody Deficiencies panel declines CADD entirely for PIK3CD. CADD v1.7 also incorporates Zoonomia phyloP, so it partly re-expresses the conservation above. *Descriptive; no threshold applied.*
- SpliceAI: **below the reporting threshold**. This position is scored for a different substitution (A>C, Δ0.31 acceptor loss), so this allele was evaluated and its deltas all fell under Δ0.2 — a prediction of no splicing effect for this allele, not a gap in our data. *No ACMG code assigned.*
- Population frequency (gnomAD v4.1): grpmax **0.00254%** (nfe) · FAF95 0.0018% · FAF99 0.00156% · 30/1,180,030 in the highest group · 30/1,614,032 alleles overall — very rare (popmax 0.00254%, nfe).

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Gene constraint & dosage {#gene-context}

**ALK** population constraint: LOEUF 0.562, pLI 3.8217e-06, missense-Z 0.95723; ClinGen dosage — haploinsufficiency 0/3, triplosensitivity 0/3. *Lower LOEUF and higher pLI indicate a gene that tolerates loss-of-function poorly; ClinGen dosage is the curated haploinsufficiency call.*

Curated gene–disease validity (ClinGen):

- **neuroblastoma, susceptibility to, 3** — Definitive (AD)

## Protein context {#protein}

Residue **951** lies in an α-helix.

AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 68.26, 20% of residues very-high.

**79 experimental structure(s)** (PDB): [2KUP](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2KUP), [2KUQ](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2KUQ), [2XB7](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2XB7), [2XBA](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2XBA), [2XP2](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2XP2), [2YFX](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2YFX) — incl. mutant structure 2YFX.

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of ALK (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** ALK's established molecular role includes protein tyrosine kinase activity. In Reactome, ALK is annotated in disease pathway(s) including **ALK mutants bind TKIs**, **ASP-3026-resistant ALK mutants**.

**Disease mechanism (Reactome):** ALK loss or alteration is curated in [ALK mutants bind TKIs](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9700645), [ASP-3026-resistant ALK mutants](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9717264), [NVP-TAE684-resistant ALK mutants](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9717301).

### Pathways affected {#pathways}

ALK participates in **11 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| ⚕ [ALK mutants bind TKIs](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9700645) | curated |
| ⚕ [ASP-3026-resistant ALK mutants](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9717264) | curated |
| ⚕ [NVP-TAE684-resistant ALK mutants](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9717301) | curated |
| ⚕ [Signaling by ALK fusions and activated point mutants](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9725370) | curated |
| ⚕ [alectinib-resistant ALK mutants](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9717316) | curated |
| ⚕ [brigatinib-resistant ALK mutants](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9717319) | curated |
| ⚕ [ceritinib-resistant ALK mutants](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9717323) | curated |
| ⚕ [crizotinib-resistant ALK mutants](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9717326) | curated |
| ⚕ [lorlatinib-resistant ALK mutants](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9717329) | curated |
| [MDK and PTN in ALK signaling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9851151) | electronic |
| [Signaling by ALK](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-201556) | electronic |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** protein tyrosine kinase activity, transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity, heparin binding, receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity, identical protein binding.

**Biological process:** cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, phosphorylation, peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation, protein autophosphorylation.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Likely benign** — review status Multiple submitters *(criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts)*, last evaluated 2025-10-16.

**Submitter consensus:** unanimous (3/3 Likely benign).

**Submission history:** 3 submissions (2022–2025); classifications have been stable.

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ambry Genetics | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2022-03-29 |
| Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-10-16 |
| CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-08-01 |

## Associated conditions {#conditions}

[hereditary neoplastic syndrome](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/hereditary-neoplastic-syndrome/), [neuroblastoma, susceptibility to, 3](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/neuroblastoma-susceptibility-to-3/).

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome, Neuroblastoma, susceptibility to, 3, not provided, Tumor predisposition, Hereditary neoplastic syndrome, Hereditary Cancer Syndrome, Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary, none provided, ALK-Related Neuroblastic Tumor Susceptibility.

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related ALK variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [ALK p.Asp951Tyr](/variant/alk-p-asp951tyr), [ALK p.Asp951Asn](/variant/alk-p-asp951asn), [ALK p.Asp951Glu](/variant/alk-p-asp951glu), [ALK p.Arg1275Gln](/variant/alk-p-arg1275gln), [ALK c.1154+5G>A](/variant/alk-c-1154-plus-5g-a), [ALK c.1155-3C>T](/variant/alk-c-1155-minus-3c-t), [ALK c.1282+3A>G](/variant/alk-c-1282-plus-3a-g), [ALK c.1414+1G>A](/variant/alk-c-1414-plus-1g-a).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-14); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-06); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-10-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 412918). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*