# NM_004656.4(BAP1):c.169del (p.Arg57fs)

https://sugi.bio/variant/bap1-p-arg57fs

## Summary

**BAP1 p.Arg57fs (c.169del)** is classified **Pathogenic** in BAP1 (ClinVar, Single submitter, 1 submitter; last evaluated 2023-09-11). No gnomAD frequency available for this variant; Associated with hereditary neoplastic syndrome.

**At a glance:** Pathogenic · review: Single submitter · rsID rs2471358250 · 1 submitter · 1 linked condition · no gnomAD frequency available for this variant

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the BAP1 gene that is reported as disease-causing, but on limited review, submitted by 1 submitter, and is linked to hereditary neoplastic syndrome.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical trials | 31 registered for this condition — see ClinicalTrials.gov |

**Support & next steps:** [Condition overview & support (NIH GARD)](https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/0019921/index) · [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [BAP1](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/BAP1/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Arg57fs |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.169del |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_007212](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_007212) (variant reported on NM_004656) |
| dbSNP | [rs2471358250](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs2471358250/) |
| Variant type | Deletion |
| Location | chr3:52408560-52408560 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV2585680](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2585680/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `LRG_529:g.6434del`, `LRG_529t1:c.168del`, `NC_000003.11:g.52442577del`, `NC_000003.12:g.52408561del`, `NG_031859.1:g.6434del`, `NM_001410772.1:c.169del`, `NM_004656.2:c.169delC`, `NM_004656.4:c.169del`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** 1 independent predictor **concordant** with the ClinVar classification.

- **Missense predictors (AlphaMissense/REVEL/SaProt) do not apply** to this variant type — they score amino-acid substitutions only. For non-missense variants the computational signal comes from conservation (below), not from a missing predictor score.
- Conservation: phyloP 5.982, GERP 1.77, phastCons 1 — highly conserved position (PP3-type support)
- Molecular consequence: **frameshift** — a predicted loss-of-function variant. ClinGen curates **sufficient evidence for haploinsufficiency** in this gene, supporting a loss-of-function disease mechanism. For a truncating variant the loss-of-function impact is position-dependent — C-terminal / last-exon truncations may escape nonsense-mediated decay. *Descriptive; not an applied PVS1 code.*
- SpliceAI: **not assessed** — the release is built from a substitutions-only source, so it holds no deletion variants. That is a property of the dataset, not of the variant, and is not evidence against a splicing effect.
- Population frequency: **no gnomAD frequency available for this variant** — rarity (ACMG PM2) and BA1/BS1 cannot be assessed for this variant.

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Gene constraint & dosage {#gene-context}

**BAP1** population constraint: ClinGen dosage — haploinsufficiency 3, triplosensitivity 0 (0–3 scale). *Lower LOEUF and higher pLI indicate a gene that tolerates loss-of-function poorly; ClinGen dosage is the curated haploinsufficiency call.*

Curated gene–disease validity (ClinGen):

- **BAP1-related tumor predisposition syndrome** — Definitive (AD)

## Protein context {#protein}

Residue **57** lies in the 'interaction with hip2' region; a β-strand.

AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 78.27, 44% of residues very-high.

**28 experimental structure(s)** (PDB): [28OE](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/28OE), [2H0D](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2H0D), [3GS2](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3GS2), [3H8H](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3H8H), [3IXS](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3IXS), [3RPG](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3RPG).

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of BAP1 (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** BAP1's established molecular role includes chromatin binding. p.Arg57fs falls in the interaction with hip2 region.


### Pathways affected {#pathways}

BAP1 participates in **10 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| [Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to T helper 2 cells (Th2 cells)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9976102) | electronic |
| [Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-2559580) | other |
| [RUNX1 interacts with co-factors whose precise effect on RUNX1 targets is not known](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8939243) | other |
| [Regulation of PTEN gene transcription](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8943724) | other |
| [SUMOylation of DNA damage response and repair proteins](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-3108214) | other |
| [SUMOylation of DNA methylation proteins](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-4655427) | other |
| [SUMOylation of RNA binding proteins](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-4570464) | other |
| [SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-4551638) | other |
| [SUMOylation of transcription cofactors](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-3899300) | other |
| [Transcriptional Regulation by E2F6](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8953750) | other |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** chromatin binding, zinc ion binding, RING-like zinc finger domain binding.

**Biological process:** negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, chromatin remodeling, epigenetic regulation of gene expression.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Pathogenic** — review status Single submitter *(criteria provided, single submitter)*, last evaluated 2023-09-11.

**Submitter consensus:** unanimous (1/1 Pathogenic).

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ambry Genetics | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2023-09-11 |

## Associated conditions {#conditions}

[hereditary neoplastic syndrome](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/hereditary-neoplastic-syndrome/).

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome, Hereditary neoplastic syndrome, Tumor predisposition, Hereditary Cancer Syndrome, Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary.

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related BAP1 variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [BAP1 p.Arg57Trp](/variant/bap1-p-arg57trp), [BAP1 p.Arg57=](/variant/bap1-p-arg57), [BAP1 p.Arg57Gln](/variant/bap1-p-arg57gln), [BAP1 p.Arg57Leu](/variant/bap1-p-arg57leu), [BAP1 c.123-10_129del](/variant/bap1-c-123-minus-10-129del), [BAP1 c.1729+1del](/variant/bap1-c-1729-plus-1del), [BAP1 c.659+1del](/variant/bap1-c-659-plus-1del), [BAP1 p.Ala138fs](/variant/bap1-p-ala138fs).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-06); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-07-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 2585680). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*