# NM_007294.4(BRCA1):c.183T>C (p.Cys61=)

https://sugi.bio/variant/brca1-p-cys61

## Summary

**BRCA1 p.Cys61= (c.183T>C)** is classified **Likely benign** in BRCA1 (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 5 submitters; last evaluated 2024-01-02). Very rare (popmax 0.000256%, nfe); Associated with hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome.

**At a glance:** Likely benign · review: Multiple submitters · rsID rs895070717 · 5 submitters · 3 linked conditions · very rare (popmax 0.000256%, nfe)

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the BRCA1 gene that is classified as likely benign — not considered disease-causing, submitted by 5 submitters, and is linked to hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Typical inheritance (of this condition) | Autosomal dominant |
| Age of onset (of this condition) | Adult, Elderly |
| Clinical trials | 51 registered for this condition — see ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Diagnostic panels | BRCA1 is a diagnostic-grade gene on 25 Genomics England panels |

**Commonly reported features of Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome** (across patients with this condition; presentation varies — frequencies from Orphanet):

- Abnormality of the fallopian tube — Very frequent (99-80%)
- Primary peritoneal carcinoma — Very frequent (99-80%)
- Ovarian neoplasm — Very frequent (99-80%)
- Breast carcinoma — Frequent (79-30%)
- Melanoma — Occasional (29-5%)
- Neoplasm of the pancreas — Occasional (29-5%)
- Prostate cancer — Occasional (29-5%)

**Support & next steps:** [Condition overview & support (NIH GARD)](https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/0015010/index) · [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [BRCA1](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/BRCA1/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Cys61= |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.183T>C |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_007294](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_007294) |
| dbSNP | [rs895070717](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs895070717/) |
| Variant type | single nucleotide variant |
| Location | chr17:43106485-43106485 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV531482](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/531482/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `LRG_292:g.111499T>C`, `LRG_292t1:c.183T>C`, `NC_000017.10:g.41258502A>G`, `NC_000017.11:g.43106485A>G`, `NG_005905.2:g.111499T>C`, `NM_001407571.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407581.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407582.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407583.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407585.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407587.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407590.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407591.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407593.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407594.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407596.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407597.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407598.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407602.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407603.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407605.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407610.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407611.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407612.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407613.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407614.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407615.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407616.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407617.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407618.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407619.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407620.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407621.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407622.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407623.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407624.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407625.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407626.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407627.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407628.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407629.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407630.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407631.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407632.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407633.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407634.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407635.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407636.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407637.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407638.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407639.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407640.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407641.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407642.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407644.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407645.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407646.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407647.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407648.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407649.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407652.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407653.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407654.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407655.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407656.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407657.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407658.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407659.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407660.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407661.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407662.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407663.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407664.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407665.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407666.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407667.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407668.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407669.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407670.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407671.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407672.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407673.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407674.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407675.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407676.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407677.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407678.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407679.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407680.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407681.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407682.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407683.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407684.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407685.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407686.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407687.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407688.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407689.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407690.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407691.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407692.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407694.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407695.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407696.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407697.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407698.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407724.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407725.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407726.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407727.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407728.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407729.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407730.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407731.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407732.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407733.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407734.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407735.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407736.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407737.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407738.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407739.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407740.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407741.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407742.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407743.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407744.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407745.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407746.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407747.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407748.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407749.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407750.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407751.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407752.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407838.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407839.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407841.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407842.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407843.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407844.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407845.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407846.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407847.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407848.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407849.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407850.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407851.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407852.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407853.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407854.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407858.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407859.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407860.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407861.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407862.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407863.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407874.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407875.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001407879.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407881.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407882.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407884.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407885.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407886.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407887.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407889.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407894.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407895.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407896.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407897.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407898.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407899.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407900.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407902.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407904.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407906.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407907.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407908.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407909.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407910.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407915.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407916.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407917.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407918.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407919.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407920.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407921.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407922.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407923.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407924.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407925.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407926.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407927.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407928.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407929.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407930.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407931.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407932.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407933.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407934.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407935.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407936.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407937.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407938.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407939.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407940.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407941.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407942.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407943.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407944.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407945.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407946.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407947.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407948.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407949.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407950.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407951.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407952.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407953.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407954.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407955.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407956.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407957.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407958.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001407959.1:c.-169-1529T>C`, `NM_001407960.1:c.-169-1529T>C`, `NM_001407962.1:c.-169-1529T>C`, `NM_001407963.1:c.-169-1529T>C`, `NM_001407964.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001407965.1:c.-169-1529T>C`, `NM_001407966.1:c.-218-11625T>C`, `NM_001407967.1:c.-218-11625T>C`, `NM_001407968.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407969.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407970.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407971.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407972.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407973.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407974.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407975.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407976.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407977.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407978.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407979.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407980.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407981.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407982.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407983.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407984.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407985.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407986.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407990.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407991.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407992.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001407993.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408392.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408396.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408397.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408398.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408399.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408400.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408401.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408402.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408403.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408404.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408406.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408407.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408408.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408409.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001408410.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408411.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001408412.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001408413.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001408414.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001408415.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001408416.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001408418.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408419.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408420.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408421.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408422.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408423.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408424.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408425.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408426.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408427.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408428.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408429.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408430.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408431.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408432.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408433.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408434.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408435.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408436.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408437.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408438.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408439.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408440.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408441.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408442.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408443.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408444.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408445.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408446.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408447.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408448.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408450.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408451.1:c.81-1529T>C`, `NM_001408452.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408453.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408454.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408455.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408456.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408457.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408458.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408459.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408460.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408461.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408462.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408463.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408464.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408465.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408466.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408467.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408468.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408469.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408470.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408472.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408473.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408474.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001408475.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001408476.1:c.135-1529T>C`, `NM_001408478.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408479.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408480.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408481.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408482.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408483.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408484.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408485.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408489.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408490.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408491.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408492.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408493.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408494.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408495.1:c.183T>C`, `NM_001408496.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408497.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408498.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408499.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408500.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408501.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408502.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408503.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408504.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408505.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408506.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408507.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408508.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408509.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408510.1:c.-169-1529T>C`, `NM_001408511.1:c.42T>C`, `NM_001408512.1:c.-169-1529T>C`, `NM_001408513.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_001408514.1:c.-6T>C`, `NM_007294.4:c.183T>C`, `NM_007297.4:c.42T>C`, `NM_007298.4:c.183T>C`, `NM_007299.4:c.183T>C`, `NM_007300.4:c.183T>C`, `NM_007304.2:c.183T>C`, `NR_027676.2:n.385T>C`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** Mixed / partial computational evidence (see below).

- **Missense predictors (AlphaMissense/REVEL/SaProt) do not apply** to this variant type — they score amino-acid substitutions only. For non-missense variants the computational signal comes from conservation (below), not from a missing predictor score.
- Conservation: phyloP 6.157, GERP 1.01, phastCons 1 — highly conserved position (PP3-type support)
- CADD: **PHRED 12.11**. No single ClinGen-calibrated threshold exists and the expert panels that use CADD disagree — GUCY2D/AIPL1 require ≥ 20.0 for an untranslated-region variant, ABCA4 ≥ 28.1 for a synonymous or indel variant, the Pulmonary Hypertension panel imports Pejaver 2022's missense-calibrated numbers, and the Antibody Deficiencies panel declines CADD entirely for PIK3CD. CADD v1.7 also incorporates Zoonomia phyloP, so it partly re-expresses the conservation above. *Descriptive; no threshold applied.*
- SpliceAI: **not assessed** — no allele at this position is in our SpliceAI release, either because it lies outside the scored MANE transcript scope or because every allele is below Δ0.2. We cannot tell which, so this claims neither; absence is not evidence against a splicing effect.
- Population frequency (gnomAD v4.1): grpmax **0.000256%** (nfe) · FAF95 6.8e-05% · FAF99 1.9e-05% · 3/1,172,494 in the highest group · 4/1,604,690 alleles overall — very rare (popmax 0.000256%, nfe).

| Ancestry group | Allele frequency | 1 in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Remaining individuals (not grpmax-eligible) | 0.00161% | 62,098 |
| European (non-Finnish) (grpmax) | 0.000256% | 390,831 |

Remaining individuals shows a higher raw frequency than the grpmax group. gnomAD excludes bottlenecked groups — Finnish, Ashkenazi Jewish, Amish and "Remaining individuals" — from grpmax, because founder effects make their frequencies unrepresentative for filtering. The table is sorted by frequency, so an excluded group can sit above the grpmax row.

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Gene constraint & dosage {#gene-context}

**BRCA1** population constraint: LOEUF 0.885, pLI 1.5474e-34, missense-Z 2.3379; ClinGen dosage — haploinsufficiency 3, triplosensitivity 0 (0–3 scale). *Lower LOEUF and higher pLI indicate a gene that tolerates loss-of-function poorly; ClinGen dosage is the curated haploinsufficiency call.*

Curated gene–disease validity (ClinGen):

- **BRCA1-related cancer predisposition** — Definitive (AD)
- **Fanconi anemia, complementation group S** — Definitive (AR)

## Protein context {#protein}

Residue **61** lies in a UniProt-annotated variant site (in bc and oc; pathogenic; no interaction with bap1).

AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 41.99, 11% of residues very-high.

**33 experimental structure(s)** (PDB): [1JM7](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1JM7), [1JNX](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1JNX), [1N5O](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1N5O), [1OQA](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1OQA), [1T15](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1T15), [1T29](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1T29) — incl. mutant structure 1T2U.

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of BRCA1 (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** BRCA1's established molecular role includes transcription cis-regulatory region binding. In Reactome, BRCA1 is annotated in disease pathway(s) including **Defective DNA double strand break response due to BARD1 loss of function**, **Defective DNA double strand break response due to BRCA1 loss of function**.

**Disease mechanism (Reactome):** BRCA1 loss or alteration is curated in [Defective DNA double strand break response due to BARD1 loss of function](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9699150), [Defective DNA double strand break response due to BRCA1 loss of function](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9663199), [Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA1 binding function](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9704331).

### Pathways affected {#pathways}

BRCA1 participates in **28 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| ⚕ [Defective DNA double strand break response due to BARD1 loss of function](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9699150) | curated |
| ⚕ [Defective DNA double strand break response due to BRCA1 loss of function](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9663199) | curated |
| ⚕ [Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA1 binding function](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9704331) | curated |
| ⚕ [Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA2/RAD51/RAD51C binding function](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9704646) | curated |
| ⚕ [Defective homologous recombination repair (HRR) due to BRCA1 loss of function](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9701192) | curated |
| ⚕ [Impaired BRCA2 binding to PALB2](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9709603) | curated |
| ⚕ [Impaired BRCA2 binding to RAD51](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9709570) | curated |
| [G2/M DNA damage checkpoint](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-69473) | curated |
| [HDR through Homologous Recombination (HRR)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5685942) | curated |
| [HDR through Single Strand Annealing (SSA)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5685938) | curated |
| [Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5693579) | curated |
| [KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9755511) | curated |
| [Metalloprotease DUBs](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5689901) | curated |
| [Neddylation](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8951664) | curated |
| [Negative Regulation of DNA Double Strand Break Response](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9974237) | curated |
| [Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5693571) | curated |
| [Presynaptic phase of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5693616) | curated |
| [Processing of DNA double-strand break ends](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5693607) | curated |
| [Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5693565) | curated |
| [Regulation of MITF-M-dependent genes involved in DNA replication, damage repair and senescence](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9825895) | curated |
| [Regulation of TP53 Activity through Phosphorylation](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6804756) | curated |
| [Resolution of D-loop Structures through Holliday Junction Intermediates](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5693568) | curated |
| [Resolution of D-loop Structures through Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5693554) | curated |
| [SUMOylation of DNA damage response and repair proteins](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-3108214) | curated |
| [TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6796648) | curated |
| [Transcriptional Regulation by E2F6](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8953750) | curated |
| [Meiotic recombination](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-912446) | electronic |
| [Meiotic synapsis](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-1221632) | electronic |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** transcription cis-regulatory region binding, p53 binding, transcription coactivator activity, RNA binding, ubiquitin-protein transferase activity, enzyme binding.

**Biological process:** double-strand break repair via homologous recombination, DNA damage tolerance, double-strand break repair, regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, chromosome segregation, mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Likely benign** — review status Multiple submitters *(criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts)*, last evaluated 2024-01-02.

**Submitter consensus:** conflicting (3 Likely benign, 1 Likely Benign).

**Submission history:** 5 submissions (2018–2024); classifications have differed over time.

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2018-11-05 |
| All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health | Likely Benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2023-08-23 |
| Ambry Genetics | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2023-08-22 |
| Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington |  | no classification provided | in vitro |  |
| Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2024-01-02 |

## Associated conditions {#conditions}

[hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/hereditary-breast-ovarian-cancer-syndrome/), [breast-ovarian cancer, familial, susceptibility to, 1](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/breast-ovarian-cancer-familial-susceptibility-to-1/), [hereditary neoplastic syndrome](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/hereditary-neoplastic-syndrome/).

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** Hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome, Breast-ovarian cancer, familial, susceptibility to, 1, Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome, BRCA1- and BRCA2-Associated Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome, Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, Breast and ovarian cancer, OVARIAN CANCER, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO.

## Same-residue context {#hotspot}

Residue **61** carries **5 other pathogenic ClinVar variants** — a recurrently-mutated position: [BRCA1 p.Cys61Gly](/variant/brca1-p-cys61gly), [BRCA1 p.Cys61fs](/variant/brca1-p-cys61fs), [BRCA1 p.Cys61Ser](/variant/brca1-p-cys61ser), [BRCA1 p.Cys61Arg](/variant/brca1-p-cys61arg), [BRCA1 p.Cys61Tyr](/variant/brca1-p-cys61tyr). *Positional co-occurrence of independent ClinVar records, not functional proof.*

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related BRCA1 variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [BRCA1 p.Cys61Gly](/variant/brca1-p-cys61gly), [BRCA1 p.Cys61Arg](/variant/brca1-p-cys61arg), [BRCA1 p.Cys61Ser](/variant/brca1-p-cys61ser), [BRCA1 p.Cys61Tyr](/variant/brca1-p-cys61tyr), [BRCA1 p.Cys61fs](/variant/brca1-p-cys61fs), [BRCA1 p.Cys61Phe](/variant/brca1-p-cys61phe), [BRCA1 c.134+3A>T](/variant/brca1-c-134-plus-3a-t), [BRCA1 c.135-1G>T](/variant/brca1-c-135-minus-1g-t).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-06); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-07-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 531482). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*