# NM_005186.4(CAPN1):c.2025C>T (p.Phe675=)

https://sugi.bio/variant/capn1-p-phe675

## Summary

**CAPN1 p.Phe675= (c.2025C>T)** is classified **Likely benign** in CAPN1 (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 2 submitters; last evaluated 2023-03-19). Very rare (popmax 0.00133%, afr).

**At a glance:** Likely benign · review: Multiple submitters · rsID rs1949029965 · 2 submitters · very rare (popmax 0.00133%, afr)

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the CAPN1 gene that is classified as likely benign — not considered disease-causing, submitted by 2 submitters.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

**Support & next steps:** [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [CAPN1](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/CAPN1/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Phe675= |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.2025C>T |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_005186](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_005186) |
| dbSNP | [rs1949029965](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs1949029965/) |
| Variant type | single nucleotide variant |
| Location | chr11:65210418-65210418 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV2958087](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2958087/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `NC_000011.10:g.65210418C>T`, `NC_000011.9:g.64977889C>T`, `NG_052817.1:g.34204C>T`, `NG_085735.1:g.1110C>T`, `NM_001198868.2:c.2025C>T`, `NM_001198869.2:c.2025C>T`, `NM_001198870.1:c.1863C>T`, `NM_005186.4:c.2025C>T`, `NR_040008.2:n.2042C>T`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** Mixed / partial computational evidence (see below).

- **Missense predictors (AlphaMissense/REVEL/SaProt) do not apply** to this variant type — they score amino-acid substitutions only. For non-missense variants the computational signal comes from conservation (below), not from a missing predictor score.
- Conservation: phyloP -9.766, GERP -2.94 — fast-evolving / accelerated position
- CADD: **PHRED 5.422**. No single ClinGen-calibrated threshold exists and the expert panels that use CADD disagree — GUCY2D/AIPL1 require ≥ 20.0 for an untranslated-region variant, ABCA4 ≥ 28.1 for a synonymous or indel variant, the Pulmonary Hypertension panel imports Pejaver 2022's missense-calibrated numbers, and the Antibody Deficiencies panel declines CADD entirely for PIK3CD. CADD v1.7 also incorporates Zoonomia phyloP, so it partly re-expresses the conservation above. *Descriptive; no threshold applied.*
- SpliceAI: **not assessed** — no allele at this position is in our SpliceAI release, either because it lies outside the scored MANE transcript scope or because every allele is below Δ0.2. We cannot tell which, so this claims neither; absence is not evidence against a splicing effect.
- Population frequency (gnomAD v4.1): grpmax **0.00133%** (afr) · 1/75,020 in the highest group · 1/1,460,438 alleles overall — very rare (popmax 0.00133%, afr).

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Gene constraint & dosage {#gene-context}

**CAPN1** population constraint: LOEUF 0.977, pLI 2.8441e-20, missense-Z 1.606. *Lower LOEUF and higher pLI indicate a gene that tolerates loss-of-function poorly; ClinGen dosage is the curated haploinsufficiency call.*

## Protein context {#protein}

Residue **675** lies in the 'domain iv' region.

AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 90.03, 68% of residues very-high.

**5 experimental structure(s)** (PDB): [1ZCM](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ZCM), [2ARY](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2ARY), [7W7O](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7W7O), [7X79](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7X79), [8GX3](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/8GX3).

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of CAPN1 (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** CAPN1's established molecular role includes calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity. p.Phe675= falls in the domain iv region. In Reactome, CAPN1 is annotated in disease pathway(s) including **Deregulated CDK5 triggers multiple neurodegenerative pathways in Alzheimer's disease models**.

**Disease mechanism (Reactome):** CAPN1 loss or alteration is curated in [Deregulated CDK5 triggers multiple neurodegenerative pathways in Alzheimer's disease models](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8862803).

### Pathways affected {#pathways}

CAPN1 participates in **4 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| ⚕ [Deregulated CDK5 triggers multiple neurodegenerative pathways in Alzheimer's disease models](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8862803) | electronic |
| [Formation of the cornified envelope](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6809371) | curated |
| [Neutrophil degranulation](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6798695) | curated |
| [Degradation of the extracellular matrix](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-1474228) | electronic |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity, calcium ion binding, peptidase activity.

**Biological process:** proteolysis, regulation of catalytic activity, self proteolysis.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Likely benign** — review status Multiple submitters *(criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts)*, last evaluated 2023-03-19.

**Submitter consensus:** unanimous (2/2 Likely benign).

**Submission history:** 2 submissions (2019–2023); classifications have been stable.

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2023-03-19 |
| Blueprint Genetics | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2019-11-21 |

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** not provided, not specified, AllHighlyPenetrant, none provided.

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related CAPN1 variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [CAPN1 c.1605+5G>A](/variant/capn1-c-1605-plus-5g-a), [CAPN1 c.267+2T>C](/variant/capn1-c-267-plus-2t-c), [CAPN1 c.338-1G>A](/variant/capn1-c-338-minus-1g-a), [CAPN1 c.759+1G>A](/variant/capn1-c-759-plus-1g-a), [CAPN1 c.843+1G>C](/variant/capn1-c-843-plus-1g-c), [CAPN1 c.929+2T>A](/variant/capn1-c-929-plus-2t-a), [CAPN1 p.Arg285Ter](/variant/capn1-p-arg285ter), [CAPN1 p.Arg385Ter](/variant/capn1-p-arg385ter).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-06); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-07-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 2958087). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*