# NM_000799.4(EPO):c.108C>T (p.Ser36=)

https://sugi.bio/variant/epo-p-ser36

## Summary

**EPO p.Ser36= (c.108C>T)** is classified **Benign/Likely benign** in EPO (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 4 submitters; last evaluated 2024-07-01). Low-frequency (popmax 1.12%, afr).

**At a glance:** Benign/Likely benign · review: Multiple submitters · rsID rs140045752 · 4 submitters · low-frequency (popmax 1.12%, afr)

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the EPO gene that is classified as benign/likely benign — not considered disease-causing, submitted by 4 submitters.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

**Support & next steps:** [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [EPO](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/EPO/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Ser36= |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.108C>T |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_000799](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_000799) |
| dbSNP | [rs140045752](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs140045752/) |
| Variant type | single nucleotide variant |
| Location | chr7:100721652-100721652 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV782270](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/782270/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `NC_000007.13:g.100319275C>T`, `NC_000007.14:g.100721652C>T`, `NG_021471.2:g.5853C>T`, `NM_000799.4:c.108C>T`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** Mixed / partial computational evidence (see below).

- **Missense predictors (AlphaMissense/REVEL/SaProt) do not apply** to this variant type — they score amino-acid substitutions only. For non-missense variants the computational signal comes from conservation (below), not from a missing predictor score.
- Conservation: phyloP 0.377, GERP -3.38, phastCons 0.993 — weakly conserved position
- CADD: **PHRED 5.86**. No single ClinGen-calibrated threshold exists and the expert panels that use CADD disagree — GUCY2D/AIPL1 require ≥ 20.0 for an untranslated-region variant, ABCA4 ≥ 28.1 for a synonymous or indel variant, the Pulmonary Hypertension panel imports Pejaver 2022's missense-calibrated numbers, and the Antibody Deficiencies panel declines CADD entirely for PIK3CD. CADD v1.7 also incorporates Zoonomia phyloP, so it partly re-expresses the conservation above. *Descriptive; no threshold applied.*
- SpliceAI: **not assessed** — no allele at this position is in our SpliceAI release, either because it lies outside the scored MANE transcript scope or because every allele is below Δ0.2. We cannot tell which, so this claims neither; absence is not evidence against a splicing effect.
- Population frequency (gnomAD v4.1): grpmax **1.12%** (afr) · FAF95 1.05% · FAF99 1.03% · 838/75,060 in the highest group · 1,079/1,613,450 alleles overall — low-frequency (popmax 1.12%, afr).

| Ancestry group | Allele frequency | 1 in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| African / African-American (grpmax) | 1.12% | 90 |
| Admixed American | 0.155% | 645 |
| Remaining individuals (not grpmax-eligible) | 0.0656% | 1,524 |
| Middle Eastern | 0.0165% | 6,062 |
| European (non-Finnish) | 0.00898% | 11,132 |

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Protein context {#protein}


AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 90.09, 75% of residues very-high.

**13 experimental structure(s)** (PDB): [1D2B](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1D2B), [1OO9](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1OO9), [1UEA](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1UEA), [2J0T](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2J0T), [3MA2](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3MA2), [3V96](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3V96) — incl. mutant structure 6MAV.

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of EPO (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** EPO's established molecular role includes cytokine activity. p.Ser36= falls in the ntr domain.


### Pathways affected {#pathways}

EPO participates in **7 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| [Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-1592389) | curated |
| [Interleukin-10 signaling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6783783) | curated |
| [Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6785807) | curated |
| [Platelet degranulation ](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-114608) | curated |
| [Post-translational protein phosphorylation](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8957275) | curated |
| [Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-381426) | curated |
| [TGFBR3 PTM regulation](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9839383) | curated |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** cytokine activity, metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity, zinc ion binding, peptidase inhibitor activity.

**Biological process:** positive regulation of cell population proliferation, negative regulation of endopeptidase activity, negative regulation of catalytic activity, negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis, cellular response to UV-A, negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Benign/Likely benign** — review status Multiple submitters *(criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts)*, last evaluated 2024-07-01.

**Submitter consensus:** conflicting (3 Benign, 1 Likely benign).

**Submission history:** 4 submissions (2019–2024); classifications have differed over time.

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2019-12-31 |
| Breakthrough Genomics, Breakthrough Genomics | Benign | criteria provided, single submitter | not provided |  |
| Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Mayo Clinic | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2024-04-23 |
| CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen | Benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2024-07-01 |

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** not provided, none provided.

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related EPO variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [EPO c.14-1G>C](/variant/epo-c-14-minus-1g-c), [EPO c.13+10C>T](/variant/epo-c-13-plus-10c-t), [EPO c.247-66G>A](/variant/epo-c-247-minus-66g-a), [EPO p.Ala151=](/variant/epo-p-ala151), [EPO p.Ala57=](/variant/epo-p-ala57), [EPO p.Ala87=](/variant/epo-p-ala87), [EPO p.Asp70Asn](/variant/epo-p-asp70asn), [EPO p.Lys79=](/variant/epo-p-lys79).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-14); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-06); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-10-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 782270). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*