# NM_004960.4(FUS):c.52C>T (p.Pro18Ser)

https://sugi.bio/variant/fus-p-pro18ser

## Summary

**FUS p.Pro18Ser (c.52C>T)** is classified **Uncertain significance** in FUS (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 3 submitters; last evaluated 2020-07-30). AlphaMissense: likely benign (0.082); Very rare (popmax 0.00661%, nfe); Associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6.

**At a glance:** Uncertain significance · review: Multiple submitters · rsID rs144888138 · 3 submitters · 2 linked conditions · AlphaMissense likely benign · very rare (popmax 0.00661%, nfe)

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the FUS gene that is currently of uncertain significance — a definitive interpretation has not yet been established, submitted by 3 submitters, and is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Typical inheritance (of this condition) | Autosomal dominant |
| Age of onset (of this condition) | Adult |
| Diagnostic panels | FUS is a diagnostic-grade gene on 3 Genomics England panels |

**Commonly reported features of Frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease** (across patients with this condition; presentation varies — frequencies from Orphanet):

- Abnormal lower motor neuron morphology — Very frequent (99-80%)
- Abnormal upper motor neuron morphology — Very frequent (99-80%)
- Frontotemporal dementia — Very frequent (99-80%)
- Atypical behavior — Frequent (79-30%)
- Depression — Frequent (79-30%)
- Hallucinations — Frequent (79-30%)
- Apathy — Frequent (79-30%)
- Dysarthria — Frequent (79-30%)

**Support & next steps:** [Condition overview & support (NIH GARD)](https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/0009874/index) · [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [FUS](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/FUS/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Pro18Ser |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.52C>T |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_004960](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_004960) |
| dbSNP | [rs144888138](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs144888138/) |
| Variant type | single nucleotide variant |
| Location | chr16:31182526-31182526 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV887477](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/887477/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `LRG_655:g.7395C>T`, `LRG_655t1:c.52C>T`, `NC_000016.10:g.31182526C>T`, `NC_000016.9:g.31193847C>T`, `NG_012889.2:g.7395C>T`, `NM_001170634.1:c.52C>T`, `NM_001170937.1:c.52C>T`, `NM_004960.4:c.52C>T`, `NR_028388.2:n.157C>T`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** ClinVar classifies this **uncertain**; the computational predictors unanimously lean **tolerated** — a triage signal, not a reclassification.

- AlphaMissense **likely benign** (0.082)
- REVEL 0.315 (indeterminate)
- SaProt LLR -4.253 (tolerated) — agrees with AlphaMissense
- → **In-silico consensus:** AlphaMissense and SaProt both call this tolerated; REVEL is indeterminate
- Conservation: phyloP 5.936, GERP 1.16, phastCons 1 — highly conserved (differs from AlphaMissense)
- CADD: **PHRED 23.3**. No single ClinGen-calibrated threshold exists and the expert panels that use CADD disagree — GUCY2D/AIPL1 require ≥ 20.0 for an untranslated-region variant, ABCA4 ≥ 28.1 for a synonymous or indel variant, the Pulmonary Hypertension panel imports Pejaver 2022's missense-calibrated numbers, and the Antibody Deficiencies panel declines CADD entirely for PIK3CD. CADD v1.7 also incorporates Zoonomia phyloP, so it partly re-expresses the conservation above. *Descriptive; no threshold applied.*
- Regional missense constraint: **o/e 0.91** across the covering region of the MANE Select transcript (31,180,215–31,185,121), spanning 4,906 bp. Chi-square p 0.12. Describes the region, not this allele; gnomAD v4.1.1's own constrained determination. *Descriptive; no ACMG code applied.*
- SpliceAI: **not assessed** — no allele at this position is in our SpliceAI release, either because it lies outside the scored MANE transcript scope or because every allele is below Δ0.2. We cannot tell which, so this claims neither; absence is not evidence against a splicing effect.
- Population frequency (gnomAD v4.1): grpmax **0.00661%** (nfe) · FAF95 0.00538% · FAF99 0.00498% · 78/1,180,036 in the highest group · 85/1,613,996 alleles overall — very rare (popmax 0.00661%, nfe).

| Ancestry group | Allele frequency | 1 in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Remaining individuals (not grpmax-eligible) | 0.0112% | 8,926 |
| European (non-Finnish) (grpmax) | 0.00661% | 15,129 |

Remaining individuals shows a higher raw frequency than the grpmax group. gnomAD excludes bottlenecked groups — Finnish, Ashkenazi Jewish, Amish and "Remaining individuals" — from grpmax, because founder effects make their frequencies unrepresentative for filtering. The table is sorted by frequency, so an excluded group can sit above the grpmax row.

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Gene constraint & dosage {#gene-context}

**FUS** population constraint: LOEUF 0.104, pLI 1, missense-Z 2.8346. *Lower LOEUF and higher pLI indicate a gene that tolerates loss-of-function poorly; ClinGen dosage is the curated haploinsufficiency call.*

Curated gene–disease validity (ClinGen):

- **amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6** — Definitive (AD)

## Protein context {#protein}

Residue **18** lies in the 'disordered' region.

AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 54.96, 9% of residues very-high.

**23 experimental structure(s)** (PDB): [2LA6](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2LA6), [2LCW](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2LCW), [4FDD](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4FDD), [4FQ3](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4FQ3), [5W3N](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5W3N), [5XRR](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5XRR).

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of FUS (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** FUS's established molecular role includes chromatin binding. p.Pro18Ser falls in the disordered region. In Reactome, FUS is annotated in disease pathway(s) including **Dengue Virus-Host Interactions**.

**Disease mechanism (Reactome):** FUS loss or alteration is curated in [Dengue Virus-Host Interactions](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9918481).

### Pathways affected {#pathways}

FUS participates in **4 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| ⚕ [Dengue Virus-Host Interactions](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9918481) | curated |
| [Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-72203) | curated |
| [mRNA Polyadenylation](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9770562) | curated |
| [mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-72163) | curated |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** chromatin binding, transcription coactivator activity, RNA binding, identical protein binding, molecular condensate scaffold activity.

**Biological process:** regulation of DNA-templated transcription, regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, RNA splicing, regulation of RNA splicing, mRNA stabilization, protein homooligomerization.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Uncertain significance** — review status Multiple submitters *(criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts)*, last evaluated 2020-07-30.

**Submitter consensus:** unanimous (3/3 Uncertain significance).

**Submission history:** 3 submissions (2017–2024); classifications have been stable.

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2017-04-27 |
| Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2020-07-30 |
| PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences | Uncertain significance | no assertion criteria provided | clinical testing | 2024-02-23 |

## Associated conditions {#conditions}

[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-type-6/), [tremor, hereditary essential, 4](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/tremor-hereditary-essential-4/).

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6, Tremor, hereditary essential, 4, FUS-related disorder, FUS-related condition, FUS-Related Amyotrophic Laterial Sclerosis, AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 6 WITHOUT FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 6, with or without frontotemporal dementia.

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related FUS variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [FUS p.Pro18Thr](/variant/fus-p-pro18thr), [FUS p.Arg481Ter](/variant/fus-p-arg481ter), [FUS p.Arg495Ter](/variant/fus-p-arg495ter), [FUS p.Arg514Gly](/variant/fus-p-arg514gly), [FUS p.Arg521Cys](/variant/fus-p-arg521cys), [FUS p.Arg521Gly](/variant/fus-p-arg521gly), [FUS p.Arg521His](/variant/fus-p-arg521his), [FUS p.Arg521Leu](/variant/fus-p-arg521leu).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-14); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-14); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-10-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 887477). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*