# NM_002163.4(IRF8):c.498G>A (p.Pro166=)

https://sugi.bio/variant/irf8-p-pro166

## Summary

**IRF8 p.Pro166= (c.498G>A)** is classified **Likely benign** in IRF8 (ClinVar, Single submitter, 1 submitter; last evaluated 2025-12-20). Very rare (popmax 0.0022%, sas); Associated with immunodeficiency 32B.

**At a glance:** Likely benign · review: Single submitter · rsID rs773018092 · 1 submitter · 2 linked conditions · very rare (popmax 0.0022%, sas)

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the IRF8 gene that is classified as likely benign — not considered disease-causing, submitted by 1 submitter, and is linked to immunodeficiency 32B.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Typical inheritance (of this condition) | Unknown |
| Age of onset (of this condition) | Adolescent, Adult, Childhood |
| Clinical trials | 8 registered for this condition — see ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Diagnostic panels | IRF8 is a diagnostic-grade gene on 2 Genomics England panels |

**Support & next steps:** [Condition overview & support (NIH GARD)](https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/0009534/index) · [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [IRF8](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/IRF8/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Pro166= |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.498G>A |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_002163](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_002163) |
| dbSNP | [rs773018092](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs773018092/) |
| Variant type | single nucleotide variant |
| Location | chr16:85913181-85913181 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV2165470](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2165470/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `LRG_294:g.19014G>A`, `LRG_294t1:c.498G>A`, `NC_000016.10:g.85913181G>A`, `NC_000016.9:g.85946787G>A`, `NG_029333.1:g.19014G>A`, `NM_001363907.1:c.528G>A`, `NM_001363908.1:c.-59-1292G>A`, `NM_002163.4:c.498G>A`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** Mixed / partial computational evidence (see below).

- **Missense predictors (AlphaMissense/REVEL/SaProt) do not apply** to this variant type — they score amino-acid substitutions only. For non-missense variants the computational signal comes from conservation (below), not from a missing predictor score.
- Conservation: phyloP -12.177, GERP -2.98 — fast-evolving / accelerated position
- CADD: **PHRED 0.752**. No single ClinGen-calibrated threshold exists and the expert panels that use CADD disagree — GUCY2D/AIPL1 require ≥ 20.0 for an untranslated-region variant, ABCA4 ≥ 28.1 for a synonymous or indel variant, the Pulmonary Hypertension panel imports Pejaver 2022's missense-calibrated numbers, and the Antibody Deficiencies panel declines CADD entirely for PIK3CD. CADD v1.7 also incorporates Zoonomia phyloP, so it partly re-expresses the conservation above. *Descriptive; no threshold applied.*
- SpliceAI: **not assessed** — no allele at this position is in our SpliceAI release, either because it lies outside the scored MANE transcript scope or because every allele is below Δ0.2. We cannot tell which, so this claims neither; absence is not evidence against a splicing effect.
- Population frequency (gnomAD v4.1): grpmax **0.0022%** (sas) · FAF95 0.000365% · FAF99 0.000136% · 2/91,094 in the highest group · 9/1,614,052 alleles overall — very rare (popmax 0.0022%, sas).

| Ancestry group | Allele frequency | 1 in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| South Asian (grpmax) | 0.0022% | 45,547 |
| African / African-American | 0.00133% | 74,940 |
| European (non-Finnish) | 0.000508% | 196,671 |

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Gene constraint & dosage {#gene-context}

**IRF8** population constraint: LOEUF 0.462, pLI 0.99684, missense-Z 1.3131. *Lower LOEUF and higher pLI indicate a gene that tolerates loss-of-function poorly; ClinGen dosage is the curated haploinsufficiency call.*

## Protein context {#protein}


AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 75.54, 53% of residues very-high.

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of IRF8 (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** IRF8's established molecular role includes RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


### Pathways affected {#pathways}

IRF8 participates in **3 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| [Interferon alpha/beta signaling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-909733) | curated |
| [Interferon gamma signaling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-877300) | curated |
| [Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9938024) | electronic |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific, sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding.

**Biological process:** negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, cellular response to type II interferon.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Likely benign** — review status Single submitter *(criteria provided, single submitter)*, last evaluated 2025-12-20.

**Submitter consensus:** unanimous (1/1 Likely benign).

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-12-20 |

## Associated conditions {#conditions}

[immunodeficiency 32B](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/immunodeficiency-32b/), [Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases due to partial IRF8 deficiency](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/mendelian-susceptibility-to-mycobacterial-diseases-due-to-partial-irf8-deficiency/).

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** Immunodeficiency 32B, Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases due to partial IRF8 deficiency, IRF8 DEFICIENCY, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE, Immunodeficiency 32a, IMMUNODEFICIENCY 32A, MYCOBACTERIOSIS, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, IRF8 DEFICIENCY, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT.

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related IRF8 variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [IRF8 p.Pro166Leu](/variant/irf8-p-pro166leu), [IRF8 p.Arg140His](/variant/irf8-p-arg140his), [IRF8 p.Arg228Cys](/variant/irf8-p-arg228cys), [IRF8 p.Arg268Trp](/variant/irf8-p-arg268trp), [IRF8 p.Arg296Cys](/variant/irf8-p-arg296cys), [IRF8 p.Arg315His](/variant/irf8-p-arg315his), [IRF8 p.Arg340Trp](/variant/irf8-p-arg340trp), [IRF8 p.Arg361Gly](/variant/irf8-p-arg361gly).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-14); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-14); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-10-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 2165470). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*