# NM_000211.5(ITGB2):c.1656G>C (p.Pro552=)

https://sugi.bio/variant/itgb2-p-pro552

## Summary

**ITGB2 p.Pro552= (c.1656G>C)** is classified **Uncertain significance** in ITGB2 (ClinVar, Single submitter, 1 submitter; last evaluated 2022-05-16). Ultra-rare (popmax 0.0107%, afr); Associated with leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1.

**At a glance:** Uncertain significance · review: Single submitter · rsID rs759039359 · 1 submitter · 1 linked condition · ultra-rare (popmax 0.0107%, afr)

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the ITGB2 gene that is currently of uncertain significance — a definitive interpretation has not yet been established, submitted by 1 submitter, and is linked to leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Typical inheritance (of this condition) | Autosomal recessive |
| Age of onset (of this condition) | Childhood, Infancy |
| Clinical trials | 9 registered for this condition — see ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Diagnostic panels | ITGB2 is a diagnostic-grade gene on 3 Genomics England panels |

**Commonly reported features of Leukocyte adhesion deficiency** (across patients with this condition; presentation varies — frequencies from Orphanet):

- Recurrent bacterial infections — Very frequent (99-80%)
- Abnormality of neutrophil physiology — Very frequent (99-80%)
- Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis — Very frequent (99-80%)
- Bone marrow hypocellularity — Frequent (79-30%)
- Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia — Frequent (79-30%)
- Recurrent staphylococcal infections — Frequent (79-30%)
- Chronic oral candidiasis — Frequent (79-30%)
- Recurrent aphthous stomatitis — Frequent (79-30%)

**Support & next steps:** [Condition overview & support (NIH GARD)](https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/0006893/index) · [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [ITGB2](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/ITGB2/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Pro552= |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.1656G>C |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_000211](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_000211) |
| dbSNP | [rs759039359](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs759039359/) |
| Variant type | single nucleotide variant |
| Location | chr21:44889979-44889979 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV1020181](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/1020181/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `LRG_76:g.43860G>C`, `NC_000021.8:g.46309894C>G`, `NC_000021.9:g.44889979C>G`, `NG_007270.2:g.43860G>C`, `NM_000211.5:c.1656G>C`, `NM_001127491.3:c.1656G>C`, `NM_001303238.2:c.1449G>C`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** Mixed / partial computational evidence (see below).

- **Missense predictors (AlphaMissense/REVEL/SaProt) do not apply** to this variant type — they score amino-acid substitutions only. For non-missense variants the computational signal comes from conservation (below), not from a missing predictor score.
- Conservation: phyloP -13.929, GERP -4.82 — fast-evolving / accelerated position
- CADD: **PHRED 0.019**. No single ClinGen-calibrated threshold exists and the expert panels that use CADD disagree — GUCY2D/AIPL1 require ≥ 20.0 for an untranslated-region variant, ABCA4 ≥ 28.1 for a synonymous or indel variant, the Pulmonary Hypertension panel imports Pejaver 2022's missense-calibrated numbers, and the Antibody Deficiencies panel declines CADD entirely for PIK3CD. CADD v1.7 also incorporates Zoonomia phyloP, so it partly re-expresses the conservation above. *Descriptive; no threshold applied.*
- SpliceAI: **no splice effect predicted**. SpliceAI outputs four numbers per variant, not one: acceptor loss, donor loss, acceptor gain, donor gain (DS_AL / DS_DL / DS_AG / DS_DG). The release publishes its own filter rule, which we read from the dataset rather than assume: an allele is reported only if the largest of its four deltas reaches 0.2. This allele is not in the release, so all four of its deltas are under 0.2. No figure is shown because none was read: the bound is deduced from that absence. It is a result, not a gap in our data, and here that is proven rather than inferred: a different substitution at this very position, C>T, IS in the release and scores Δ0.61 donor loss, so SpliceAI evaluated this position and this allele was not among the ones that cleared the filter. *ClinGen's SVI treats the largest of the four as evidence against a splicing effect at or below 0.1, where it may support BP4, and as uninformative between 0.1 and 0.2. We cannot tell which applies here, so these SpliceAI data support neither BP4 nor PP3; that is a statement about this evidence alone, not about the variant's other evidence.*
- Population frequency (gnomAD v4.1): grpmax **0.0107%** (afr) · FAF95 0.00528% · FAF99 0.00381% · 8/74,922 in the highest group · 10/1,612,886 alleles overall — ultra-rare (popmax 0.0107%, afr).

| Ancestry group | Allele frequency | 1 in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| African / African-American (grpmax) | 0.0107% | 9,365 |
| Admixed American | 0.00167% | 59,990 |
| Remaining individuals (not grpmax-eligible) | 0.0016% | 62,476 |

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Gene constraint & dosage {#gene-context}

**ITGB2** population constraint: LOEUF 0.81, pLI 1.1008e-11, missense-Z 1.5984; ClinGen dosage — haploinsufficiency gene assoc. with recessive phenotype, triplosensitivity Not yet evaluated/3. *Lower LOEUF and higher pLI indicate a gene that tolerates loss-of-function poorly; ClinGen dosage is the curated haploinsufficiency call.*

## Protein context {#protein}

Residue **552** lies in a turn; the i-egf 3 domain.

AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 86.02, 51% of residues very-high.

**29 experimental structure(s)** (PDB): [1L3Y](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1L3Y), [1YUK](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1YUK), [2JF1](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2JF1), [2P26](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2P26), [2P28](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2P28), [2V7D](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2V7D) — incl. mutant structure 9T5W.

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of ITGB2 (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** ITGB2's established molecular role includes protein kinase binding. p.Pro552= falls in the i-egf 3 domain.


### Pathways affected {#pathways}

ITGB2 participates in **7 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| [Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-202733) | curated |
| [Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-198933) | curated |
| [Integrin cell surface interactions](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-216083) | curated |
| [Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6785807) | curated |
| [Neutrophil degranulation](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6798695) | curated |
| [Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-166016) | curated |
| [Affinity selection of immunoglobulins](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9938027) | electronic |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** protein kinase binding, obsolete ICAM-3 receptor activity, heat shock protein binding, cell adhesion molecule binding.

**Biological process:** phagocytosis, cell adhesion, neuron cell-cell adhesion, leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix adhesion, integrin-mediated signaling pathway.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Uncertain significance** — review status Single submitter *(criteria provided, single submitter)*, last evaluated 2022-05-16.

**Submitter consensus:** unanimous (1/1 Uncertain significance).

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2022-05-16 |

## Associated conditions {#conditions}

[leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/leukocyte-adhesion-deficiency-1/).

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY, TYPE I, LAD 1, Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 immunodeficiency, LFA 1 immunodeficiency.

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related ITGB2 variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [ITGB2 p.Pro552Leu](/variant/itgb2-p-pro552leu), [ITGB2 c.741+1G>A](/variant/itgb2-c-741-plus-1g-a), [ITGB2 c.897+1G>A](/variant/itgb2-c-897-plus-1g-a), [ITGB2 p.Ala239Thr](/variant/itgb2-p-ala239thr), [ITGB2 p.Ala270Val](/variant/itgb2-p-ala270val), [ITGB2 p.Arg108Ter](/variant/itgb2-p-arg108ter), [ITGB2 p.Arg188Ter](/variant/itgb2-p-arg188ter), [ITGB2 p.Arg593Cys](/variant/itgb2-p-arg593cys).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-14); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-15); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-10-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 1020181). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*