# NM_000527.5(LDLR):c.1730G>C (p.Trp577Ser)

https://sugi.bio/variant/ldlr-p-trp577ser

## Summary

**LDLR p.Trp577Ser (c.1730G>C)** is classified **Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic** in LDLR (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 12 submitters; last evaluated 2025-10-27). AlphaMissense: likely pathogenic (0.9871); Very rare (popmax 0.000169%, nfe); Associated with Cardiovascular phenotype.

**At a glance:** Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic · review: Multiple submitters · rsID rs138947766 · 12 submitters · 3 linked conditions · AlphaMissense likely pathogenic · very rare (popmax 0.000169%, nfe)

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the LDLR gene that is considered likely disease-causing, submitted by 12 submitters, and is linked to Cardiovascular phenotype.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

**Support & next steps:** [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [LDLR](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/LDLR/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Trp577Ser |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.1730G>C |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_000527](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_000527) |
| dbSNP | [rs138947766](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs138947766/) |
| Variant type | single nucleotide variant |
| Location | chr19:11116883-11116883 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV252003](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/252003/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `LRG_274:g.32503G>C`, `LRG_274t1:c.1730G>C`, `NC_000019.10:g.11116883G>C`, `NC_000019.9:g.11227559G>C`, `NG_009060.1:g.32503G>C`, `NM_000527.5:c.1730G>C`, `NM_001195798.2:c.1730G>C`, `NM_001195799.2:c.1607G>C`, `NM_001195800.2:c.1226G>C`, `NM_001195803.2:c.1349G>C`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** 1 independent predictor **concordant** with the ClinVar classification.

- AlphaMissense **likely pathogenic** (0.9871) — concordant with the pathogenic call
- REVEL 0.933 (strongly pathogenic-leaning) — agrees with AlphaMissense
- SaProt LLR -15.653 (damaging) — agrees with AlphaMissense
- → **In-silico consensus:** AlphaMissense, REVEL and SaProt all call this damaging
- Conservation: phyloP 11.517, GERP 2.48, phastCons 1 — highly conserved (agrees)
- AlphaMissense ranks this among the **top 7%** most-pathogenic-predicted substitutions in LDLR (of 5,140 modeled).
- CADD: **PHRED 31.0**. No single ClinGen-calibrated threshold exists and the expert panels that use CADD disagree — GUCY2D/AIPL1 require ≥ 20.0 for an untranslated-region variant, ABCA4 ≥ 28.1 for a synonymous or indel variant, the Pulmonary Hypertension panel imports Pejaver 2022's missense-calibrated numbers, and the Antibody Deficiencies panel declines CADD entirely for PIK3CD. CADD v1.7 also incorporates Zoonomia phyloP, so it partly re-expresses the conservation above. *Descriptive; no threshold applied.*
- Regional missense constraint: **o/e 1.00** across the covering region of the MANE Select transcript (11,089,549–11,131,313), spanning 41,764 bp. Chi-square p 0.91. Describes the region, not this allele; gnomAD v4.1.1's own constrained determination. *Descriptive; no ACMG code applied.*
- SpliceAI: **not assessed** — no allele at this position is in our SpliceAI release, either because it lies outside the scored MANE transcript scope or because every allele is below Δ0.2. We cannot tell which, so this claims neither; absence is not evidence against a splicing effect.
- Population frequency (gnomAD v4.1): grpmax **0.000169%** (nfe) · FAF95 2.8e-05% · FAF99 1.1e-05% · 2/1,180,008 in the highest group · 2/1,613,988 alleles overall — very rare (popmax 0.000169%, nfe).

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Gene constraint & dosage {#gene-context}

**LDLR** population constraint: LOEUF 1.091, pLI 1.2477e-30, missense-Z 0.60522; ClinGen dosage — haploinsufficiency 3/3, triplosensitivity 0/3. *Lower LOEUF and higher pLI indicate a gene that tolerates loss-of-function poorly; ClinGen dosage is the curated haploinsufficiency call.*

Curated gene–disease validity (ClinGen):

- **hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1** — Definitive (SD)

## Protein context {#protein}

Residue **577** lies in a UniProt-annotated variant site (in fhcl1; pathogenic; results in loss of receptor expression at the cell surface); a UniProt-annotated variant site (in fhcl1; uncertain significance); a β-strand.

AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 75.81, 29% of residues very-high.

**36 experimental structure(s)** (PDB): [1AJJ](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1AJJ), [1D2J](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1D2J), [1F5Y](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1F5Y), [1F8Z](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1F8Z), [1HJ7](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1HJ7), [1HZ8](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1HZ8) — incl. mutant structure 2W2N.

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of LDLR (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** LDLR's established molecular role includes protease binding.


### Pathways affected {#pathways}

LDLR participates in **5 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| [Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8856825) | curated |
| [Clathrin-mediated endocytosis](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8856828) | curated |
| [LDL clearance](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8964038) | curated |
| [Chylomicron clearance](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8964026) | electronic |
| [Retinoid metabolism and transport](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-975634) | electronic |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** protease binding, low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity, low-density lipoprotein particle binding, very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity, identical protein binding, molecular adaptor activity.

**Biological process:** negative regulation of receptor recycling, long-term memory, negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance, intestinal cholesterol absorption, cholesterol transport, low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic** — review status Multiple submitters *(criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts)*, last evaluated 2025-10-27.

**Submitter consensus:** conflicting (9 Pathogenic, 3 Likely pathogenic).

**Submission history:** 11 submissions (2016–2025); classifications have differed over time.

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Unité de génétique de l'Obésité et des Dyslipidémies, APHP, GH Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière / Charles-Foix | Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2016-12-16 |
| Ambry Genetics | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2022-10-05 |
| MGZ Medical Genetics Center | Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2021-12-15 |
| Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-06-30 |
| Cambridge Genomics Laboratory, East Genomic Laboratory Hub, NHS Genomic Medicine Service | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2024-07-17 |
| Blueprint Genetics | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2021-11-17 |
| LDLR-LOVD, British Heart Foundation | Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | literature only | 2016-03-25 |
| Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Diagnostiek Experimentele Vasculaire Geneeskunde, Academisch Medisch Centrum | Pathogenic | no assertion criteria provided | research |  |
| Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Skane University Hospital Lund | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2022-07-13 |
| PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences | Pathogenic | no assertion criteria provided | clinical testing | 2023-11-22 |
| U4M - Lille University & CHRU Lille, Université de Lille - CHRU de Lille | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2017-03-30 |
| Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-10-27 |

## Associated conditions {#conditions}

[Cardiovascular phenotype](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/cardiovascular-phenotype/), [familial hypercholesterolemia](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/familial-hypercholesterolemia/), [hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/hypercholesterolemia-familial-1/).

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** Cardiovascular phenotype, Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1, Familial hypercholesterolemia, LDLR-related disorder, not provided, LDLR-related condition, Familial hypercholesterolaemia, Familial hypercholesterolemias, none provided, LDLR-Related Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Autosomal Dominant.

## Same-residue context {#hotspot}

Residue **577** carries **5 other pathogenic ClinVar variants** — a recurrently-mutated position: [LDLR p.Trp577Arg](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577arg), [LDLR p.Trp577Ter](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577ter), [LDLR p.Trp577Gly](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577gly), [LDLR p.Trp577_Asp579del](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577-asp579del), [LDLR p.Trp577fs](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577fs). *Positional co-occurrence of independent ClinVar records, not functional proof.*

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related LDLR variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [LDLR p.Trp577Gly](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577gly), [LDLR p.Trp577Arg](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577arg), [LDLR p.Trp577Ter](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577ter), [LDLR p.Trp577Cys](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577cys), [LDLR p.Trp577_Asp579del](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577-asp579del), [LDLR p.Trp577fs](/variant/ldlr-p-trp577fs), [LDLR c.1186+5G>A](/variant/ldlr-c-1186-plus-5g-a), [LDLR c.1359-1G>A](/variant/ldlr-c-1359-minus-1g-a).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-14); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-14); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-10-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 252003). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*