# NM_000535.7(PMS2):c.1211C>G (p.Pro404Arg)

https://sugi.bio/variant/pms2-p-pro404arg

## Summary

**PMS2 p.Pro404Arg (c.1211C>G)** is classified **Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity** in PMS2 (ClinVar, Conflicting submitters, 21 submitters; last evaluated 2026-01-30). AlphaMissense: likely benign (0.0818); Ultra-rare (popmax 0.0362%, sas); Associated with PMS2-related disorder.

**At a glance:** Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity · review: Conflicting submitters · rsID rs536111818 · 21 submitters · 4 linked conditions · AlphaMissense likely benign · ultra-rare (popmax 0.0362%, sas)

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the PMS2 gene that is of uncertain or conflicting significance (submitters disagree on it), submitted by 21 submitters, and is linked to PMS2-related disorder.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

**Support & next steps:** [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [PMS2](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/PMS2/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Pro404Arg |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.1211C>G |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_000535](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_000535) |
| dbSNP | [rs536111818](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs536111818/) |
| Variant type | single nucleotide variant |
| Location | chr7:5987554-5987554 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV142875](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/142875/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `LRG_161:g.26553C>G`, `LRG_161t1:c.1211C>G`, `NC_000007.13:g.6027185G>C`, `NC_000007.14:g.5987554G>C`, `NG_008466.1:g.26553C>G`, `NM_000535.7:c.1211C>G`, `NM_001322003.2:c.806C>G`, `NM_001322004.2:c.806C>G`, `NM_001322005.2:c.806C>G`, `NM_001322006.2:c.1055C>G`, `NM_001322007.2:c.893C>G`, `NM_001322008.2:c.893C>G`, `NM_001322009.2:c.806C>G`, `NM_001322010.2:c.650C>G`, `NM_001322011.2:c.278C>G`, `NM_001322012.2:c.278C>G`, `NM_001322013.2:c.638C>G`, `NM_001322014.2:c.1211C>G`, `NM_001322015.2:c.902C>G`, `NR_136154.1:n.1298C>G`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** Mixed / partial computational evidence (see below).

- AlphaMissense **likely benign** (0.0818)
- REVEL 0.191 (benign-leaning) — agrees with AlphaMissense
- SaProt LLR -6.428 (tolerated) — agrees with AlphaMissense
- → **In-silico consensus:** AlphaMissense, REVEL and SaProt all call this tolerated
- Conservation: phyloP 8.222, phastCons 1 — highly conserved (differs from AlphaMissense)
- CADD: **PHRED 19.07**. No single ClinGen-calibrated threshold exists and the expert panels that use CADD disagree — GUCY2D/AIPL1 require ≥ 20.0 for an untranslated-region variant, ABCA4 ≥ 28.1 for a synonymous or indel variant, the Pulmonary Hypertension panel imports Pejaver 2022's missense-calibrated numbers, and the Antibody Deficiencies panel declines CADD entirely for PIK3CD. CADD v1.7 also incorporates Zoonomia phyloP, so it partly re-expresses the conservation above. *Descriptive; no threshold applied.*
- Regional missense constraint: **o/e 1.09** across the covering region of the MANE Select transcript (5,986,798–6,009,019), spanning 22,221 bp. Chi-square p 0.015. Describes the region, not this allele; gnomAD v4.1.1's own constrained determination. *Descriptive; no ACMG code applied.*
- SpliceAI: **no splice effect predicted**. SpliceAI outputs four numbers per variant, not one: acceptor loss, donor loss, acceptor gain, donor gain (DS_AL / DS_DL / DS_AG / DS_DG). A loss score is an existing splice site weakened or destroyed; a gain score is a new site created or an existing one strengthened. The release publishes its own filter rule, which we read from the dataset rather than assume: an allele is reported only if the largest of its four deltas reaches 0.2. No allele at this position is in the release, so all four are under 0.2 for every alternate allele here. No figure is shown because none was read: the bound is deduced from that absence. It is a result, not a gap in our data, because the release scores every possible substitution across the transcripts it covers (Ensembl MANE v1.4) before it filters, so what survives for a gene is one continuous stretch. What is measured is that this position sits inside the stretch covered for PMS2 (1,053 scored positions, the nearest 7 bases away); what is taken from the release's own description, rather than measured, is that coverage inside that stretch is continuous. On that, SpliceAI did score it. *ClinGen's SVI treats the largest of the four as evidence against a splicing effect at or below 0.1, where it may support BP4, and as uninformative between 0.1 and 0.2. We cannot tell which applies here, so these SpliceAI data support neither BP4 nor PP3; that is a statement about this evidence alone, not about the variant's other evidence.*
- Population frequency (gnomAD v4.1): grpmax **0.0362%** (sas) · FAF95 0.0265% · FAF99 0.0231% · 33/91,082 in the highest group · 166/1,613,884 alleles overall — ultra-rare (popmax 0.0362%, sas).

| Ancestry group | Allele frequency | 1 in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| South Asian (grpmax) | 0.0362% | 2,760 |
| Middle Eastern | 0.0165% | 6,060 |
| European (non-Finnish) | 0.0106% | 9,439 |
| Admixed American | 0.00667% | 14,995 |
| Remaining individuals (not grpmax-eligible) | 0.0048% | 20,834 |

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Gene constraint & dosage {#gene-context}

**PMS2** population constraint: LOEUF 0.898, pLI 5.3905e-09, missense-Z 0.36886; ClinGen dosage — haploinsufficiency 3/3, triplosensitivity 0/3. *Lower LOEUF and higher pLI indicate a gene that tolerates loss-of-function poorly; ClinGen dosage is the curated haploinsufficiency call.*

Curated gene–disease validity (ClinGen):

- **Lynch syndrome** — Definitive (AD)
- **hereditary breast carcinoma** — Disputed (AD)
- **mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1** — Definitive (AR)

## Protein context {#protein}

Residue **404** lies in the 'disordered' region.

AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 71.37, 36% of residues very-high.

**9 experimental structure(s)** (PDB): [1EA6](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1EA6), [1H7S](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1H7S), [1H7U](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1H7U), [5U5R](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5U5R), [6MFQ](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6MFQ), [7RCB](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7RCB) — incl. mutant structure 6MFQ.

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of PMS2 (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** PMS2's established molecular role includes DNA binding. p.Pro404Arg falls in the disordered region. In Reactome, PMS2 is annotated in disease pathway(s) including **Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With MLH1**, **Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With PMS2**.

**Disease mechanism (Reactome):** PMS2 loss or alteration is curated in [Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With MLH1](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5545483), [Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With PMS2](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5632987).

### Pathways affected {#pathways}

PMS2 participates in **6 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| ⚕ [Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With MLH1](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5545483) | curated |
| ⚕ [Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With PMS2](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5632987) | curated |
| [Mismatch repair (MMR) directed by MSH2:MSH6 (MutSalpha)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5358565) | curated |
| [Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes by error-prone mismatch repair (MMR)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9968295) | curated |
| [TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6796648) | curated |
| [Mismatch repair (MMR) directed by MSH2:MSH3 (MutSbeta)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5358606) | electronic |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** DNA binding, single base insertion or deletion binding.

**Biological process:** meiotic mismatch repair, mismatch repair.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity** — review status Conflicting submitters *(criteria provided, conflicting classifications)*, last evaluated 2026-01-30.

**Submitter consensus:** conflicting (16 Uncertain significance, 4 Likely benign, 1 Uncertain Significance).

**Submission history:** 21 submissions (2019–2026); classifications have differed over time.

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mendelics | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2019-05-28 |
| Sema4, Sema4 | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | curation | 2021-08-04 |
| PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2022-09-09 |
| Baylor Genetics | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2024-03-08 |
| Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2026-01-16 |
| Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System | Uncertain significance | no assertion criteria provided | clinical testing |  |
| St. Jude Molecular Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2022-07-26 |
| GeneDx | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2024-09-09 |
| Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-03-04 |
| Juno Genomics, Hangzhou Juno Genomics, Inc | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing |  |
| Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-10-10 |
| Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Mayo Clinic | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-07-30 |
| Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-11-25 |
| Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago | Uncertain significance | no assertion criteria provided | clinical testing | 2022-11-25 |
| All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health | Uncertain Significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2024-08-23 |
| Molecular Pathology, Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2024-09-30 |
| Spanish MMR Variant Interpretation Working Group | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-05-05 |
| Ambry Genetics | Likely benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-12-03 |
| Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2026-01-30 |
| Dasa | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2025-11-19 |
| Blueprint Genetics | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2024-11-25 |

## Associated conditions {#conditions}

[PMS2-related disorder](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/pms2-related-disorder/), [Lynch syndrome](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/lynch-syndrome/), [Lynch syndrome 4](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/lynch-syndrome-4/), [hereditary neoplastic syndrome](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/hereditary-neoplastic-syndrome/).

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** PMS2-related disorder, Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome, Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms, not provided, Lynch syndrome 4, not specified, Lynch syndrome, PMS2-related condition, AllHighlyPenetrant, Tumor predisposition.

## Same-residue context {#hotspot}

Residue **404** carries **1 other pathogenic ClinVar variant** — a recurrently-mutated position: [PMS2 p.Pro404fs](/variant/pms2-p-pro404fs). *Positional co-occurrence of independent ClinVar records, not functional proof.*

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related PMS2 variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [PMS2 p.Pro404Leu](/variant/pms2-p-pro404leu), [PMS2 p.Pro404Ser](/variant/pms2-p-pro404ser), [PMS2 p.Pro404=](/variant/pms2-p-pro404), [PMS2 c.1144+2T>A](/variant/pms2-c-1144-plus-2t-a), [PMS2 c.163+2T>C](/variant/pms2-c-163-plus-2t-c), [PMS2 c.164-2A>G](/variant/pms2-c-164-minus-2a-g), [PMS2 c.2007-1G>A](/variant/pms2-c-2007-minus-1g-a), [PMS2 c.2174+1G>A](/variant/pms2-c-2174-plus-1g-a).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-14); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-15); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-10-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 142875). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*