# NM_134261.3(RORA):c.1428C>A (p.Thr476=)

https://sugi.bio/variant/rora-p-thr476

## Summary

**RORA p.Thr476= (c.1428C>A)** is classified **Benign** in RORA (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 2 submitters; last evaluated 2021-11-07). Common (popmax 100%, eas) — too common for a highly-penetrant pathogenic allele; Associated with intellectual developmental disorder with or without epilepsy or cerebellar ataxia.

**At a glance:** Benign · review: Multiple submitters · rsID rs11071539 · 2 submitters · 1 linked condition · common (popmax 100%, eas) — too common for a highly-penetrant pathogenic allele

## For patients & families {#patients}

This is a change in the RORA gene that is classified as benign — not considered disease-causing, submitted by 2 submitters, and is linked to intellectual developmental disorder with or without epilepsy or cerebellar ataxia.

*Reference information, not medical advice, and not a prediction for any individual. A genetic counselor or clinician can interpret what it means for you and your family.*

**Support & next steps:** [Find a genetic counselor (NSGC)](https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org/).

## Identity {#identity}

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Gene | [RORA](https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/RORA/) |
| Protein change (HGVS p.) | p.Thr476= |
| Coding change (HGVS c.) | c.1428C>A |
| MANE Select transcript | [NM_134261](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_134261) |
| dbSNP | [rs11071539](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs11071539/) |
| Variant type | single nucleotide variant |
| Location | chr15:60497599-60497599 (GRCh38) |
| ClinVar | [VCV1327966](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/1327966/) |

**All HGVS expressions:** `NC_000015.10:g.60497599G>T`, `NC_000015.9:g.60789798G>T`, `NG_029246.1:g.736705=`, `NM_002943.4:c.1503C>A`, `NM_134260.3:c.1527C>A`, `NM_134261.3:c.1428C>A`, `NM_134262.3:c.1263C>A`

## Computational & population evidence {#evidence}

**Concordance:** Evidence sources **disagree** — common (popmax 100%, eas) — too common for a highly-penetrant pathogenic allele.

- **Missense predictors (AlphaMissense/REVEL/SaProt) do not apply** to this variant type — they score amino-acid substitutions only. For non-missense variants the computational signal comes from conservation (below), not from a missing predictor score.
- Conservation: phyloP -1.163, GERP -5.74, phastCons 0.001 — not a conserved position (phyloP < 0.1, ACGS BP7 cut)
- CADD: **PHRED 1.414**. No single ClinGen-calibrated threshold exists and the expert panels that use CADD disagree — GUCY2D/AIPL1 require ≥ 20.0 for an untranslated-region variant, ABCA4 ≥ 28.1 for a synonymous or indel variant, the Pulmonary Hypertension panel imports Pejaver 2022's missense-calibrated numbers, and the Antibody Deficiencies panel declines CADD entirely for PIK3CD. CADD v1.7 also incorporates Zoonomia phyloP, so it partly re-expresses the conservation above. *Descriptive; no threshold applied.*
- SpliceAI: **not assessed** — no allele at this position is in our SpliceAI release, either because it lies outside the scored MANE transcript scope or because every allele is below Δ0.2. We cannot tell which, so this claims neither; absence is not evidence against a splicing effect.
- Population frequency (gnomAD v4.1): grpmax **100%** (eas) · FAF95 99.7% · FAF99 99.7% · 44,875/44,876 in the highest group · 1,595,323/1,612,332 alleles overall — common (popmax 100%, eas) — too common for a highly-penetrant pathogenic allele.

| Ancestry group | Allele frequency | 1 in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ashkenazi Jewish (not grpmax-eligible) | 100% | 1 |
| Amish (not grpmax-eligible) | 100% | 1 |
| East Asian (grpmax) | 100% | 1 |
| Finnish (not grpmax-eligible) | 100% | 1 |
| European (non-Finnish) | 99.9% | 1 |
| Middle Eastern | 98.9% | 1 |
| Admixed American | 98.8% | 1 |
| Remaining individuals (not grpmax-eligible) | 98.7% | 1 |
| South Asian | 98.6% | 1 |
| African / African-American | 82.9% | 1 |

Ashkenazi Jewish shows a higher raw frequency than the grpmax group. gnomAD excludes bottlenecked groups — Finnish, Ashkenazi Jewish, Amish and "Remaining individuals" — from grpmax, because founder effects make their frequencies unrepresentative for filtering. The table is sorted by frequency, so an excluded group can sit above the grpmax row.

*Computational predictors are not independent (ClinGen Variant Classification guidance): AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023) carries the ACMG weight for missense and conservation (phyloP/GERP/phastCons) for non-missense; REVEL (Pejaver-2022 calibrated strength bands) and SaProt (Su et al. 2023, structure-aware, ClinVar-independent protein language model, raw LLR) are shown as orthogonal agreement signals, not additive. For frequency, the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax filtering allele frequency (FAF95) is ClinGen's designated BA1/BS1 input (gnomAD v4 guidance v3.0, June 2025); BA1/BS1 thresholds are disease-specific, not a blanket 5%. Predictions, not a clinical determination.*

## Gene constraint & dosage {#gene-context}

**RORA** population constraint: LOEUF 0.207, pLI 1, missense-Z 2.3246. *Lower LOEUF and higher pLI indicate a gene that tolerates loss-of-function poorly; ClinGen dosage is the curated haploinsufficiency call.*

## Protein context {#protein}

Residue **476** lies in the nr lbd domain; a UniProt-annotated variant site (no effect on cerebellar development, when assayed in a heterologous system); an α-helix.

AlphaFold model confidence (whole protein): pLDDT 76.40, 57% of residues very-high.

**3 experimental structure(s)** (PDB): [1N83](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1N83), [1S0X](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1S0X), [4S15](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4S15).

## What this gene does {#gene-function}

*Describes the biological roles of RORA (the gene this variant disrupts) — not effects measured for this specific variant. A damaging variant is expected to affect these functions and pathways; the degree depends on the variant.*

**How this variant is thought to act:** RORA's established molecular role includes RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding. p.Thr476= falls in the nr lbd domain.


### Pathways affected {#pathways}

RORA participates in **8 Reactome pathways** (⚕ = disease pathway):

| Pathway (Reactome) | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| [Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6785807) | curated |
| [Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-383280) | curated |
| [SUMOylation of intracellular receptors](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-4090294) | curated |
| [Expression of BMAL (ARNTL), CLOCK, and NPAS2](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9931509) | electronic |
| [Heme signaling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9707616) | electronic |
| [PPARA activates gene expression](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-1989781) | electronic |
| [Phosphorylated BMAL1:CLOCK (ARNTL:CLOCK) activates expression of core clock genes](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9931510) | electronic |
| [RORA,B,C and NR1D1 (REV-ERBA) regulate gene expression](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9933387) | electronic |

### Molecular function & processes (GO — experimentally supported) {#go}

**Molecular function:** RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription coregulator binding, transcription corepressor binding, transcription coactivator binding, DNA binding.

**Biological process:** angiogenesis, regulation of DNA-templated transcription, positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production, intracellular receptor signaling pathway, cellular response to sterol, muscle cell differentiation.

## Clinical significance {#significance}

**Benign** — review status Multiple submitters *(criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts)*, last evaluated 2021-11-07.

**Submitter consensus:** unanimous (2/2 Benign).

**Submission history:** 2 submissions (2021); classifications have been stable.

### Submitter classifications {#submitters}

| Submitter | Classification | Review | Method | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Genome-Nilou Lab | Benign | criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | 2021-11-07 |
| Breakthrough Genomics, Breakthrough Genomics | Benign | criteria provided, single submitter | not provided |  |

## Associated conditions {#conditions}

[intellectual developmental disorder with or without epilepsy or cerebellar ataxia](https://sugi.bio/atlas/disease/intellectual-developmental-disorder-with-or-without-epilepsy-or-cerebellar-ataxia/).

**Reported phenotype names (ClinVar):** Intellectual developmental disorder with or without epilepsy or cerebellar ataxia, not provided, none provided, RECLASSIFIED - ADRA2C POLYMORPHISM, RECLASSIFIED - ADRB1 POLYMORPHISM.

## Similar variants {#similar}

Related RORA variant pages (same residue, condition, or type): [RORA p.Thr476Ala](/variant/rora-p-thr476ala), [RORA p.Ala11Val](/variant/rora-p-ala11val), [RORA p.Ala7Ser](/variant/rora-p-ala7ser), [RORA p.Arg170His](/variant/rora-p-arg170his), [RORA p.Arg462Gln](/variant/rora-p-arg462gln), [RORA p.Arg47Thr](/variant/rora-p-arg47thr), [RORA p.Glu14Lys](/variant/rora-p-glu14lys), [RORA p.His197Gln](/variant/rora-p-his197gln).

### Data sources & attribution {#sources}

ClinVar (NCBI — public domain, built 2026-10-14); gnomAD v4.1 (Broad Institute, built 2026-10-14); AlphaMissense (Cheng et al. 2023, © Google DeepMind — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-01-27); REVEL (Ioannidis et al. 2016 — ODbL, built 2026-07-13); SaProt (Su et al. 2023 — MIT, built 2026-10-14); SpliceAI (Illumina — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-13); CADD (Rentzsch et al. 2019, University of Washington — free for non-commercial use, built 2026-10-10); Conservation (phyloP/phastCons/GERP) (UCSC hg38 470-way mammal (Hiller Lab) + Ensembl Compara, built 2026-07-12); gnomAD Non-coding Constraint (Gnocchi) (Chen et al. 2024, Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-11); gnomAD Regional Missense Constraint (Broad Institute — CC0, built 2026-10-13); Pangolin (Zeng & Li 2022 — CC BY 4.0, built 2026-10-11); Repeat regions (UCSC — RepeatMasker, TRF, segmental duplications, built 2026-10-11); ClinGen (ClinGen, built 2026-09-22); UniProt (CC BY 4.0); Reactome / GO (CC BY 4.0, built 2026-09-23); MaveDB (per-record license, built 2026-10-11); CIViC (CC0, built 2026-09-22); Orphanet (Orphanet, built 2026-06-12)

*Primary record: NCBI ClinVar (variation 1327966). Classifications reflect these databases as of the page's build date and may change. Free reference use — not medical advice; consult the primary submitters and a clinician.*