Is AIRE p.Ala19= (c.57G>A) pathogenic?

AIRE p.Ala19= (c.57G>A) is classified Likely benign in AIRE (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 2 submitters; last evaluated 2024-03-03). Rare (popmax 0.139%, mid); Associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.

What condition is associated with AIRE p.Ala19= (c.57G>A)?

AIRE p.Ala19= (c.57G>A) is associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (ClinVar).

How common is AIRE p.Ala19= (c.57G>A) in the general population?

AIRE p.Ala19= (c.57G>A) is rare (popmax 0.139%, mid) (gnomAD).

How is Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1 inherited?

Typically Autosomal recessive (Orphanet). A genetic counselor can assess individual risk for a family.

AIRE p.Ala19=

c.57G>A · rs761739665 · VCV1157296

Likely benign Multiple submitters

Classification

Likely benign

ClinVar

Review

Multiple submitters ★★☆☆

ClinVar · 2 submitters

gnomAD v4.1

Rare

rare (popmax 0.139%, mid)

Conditions

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1

Computational evidence

Protein change
Missense predictors do not apply to this variant type; conservation carries the signal.
Splicing
SpliceAI	—	not assessed · no allele here is in the release
Constraint at this position
Conservation	phyloP -6.5	GERP -4.3
Overall
CADD	1.75	PHRED · no single calibrated threshold — expert panels disagree

Population frequency

gnomAD v4.1 · exomes + genomes

Grpmax group 0.139% Middle Eastern · 8/5,774 alleles

Filtering AF 0.0689% ClinGen BA1/BS1 input FAF95, joint · FAF99 0.0503%

Overall 0.00115% 16/1,389,990 alleles · rare

Ancestry group	Frequency	1 in
Middle Easterngrpmax	0.139%	722
European (non-Finnish)	0.000698%	143,246

Rarity supports pathogenicity (ACMG PM2); frequency above a disease-specific BA1/BS1 threshold argues against it. A variant frequent in one ancestry group can be near-absent in others, so a single global figure can mislead.

Variant & gene context

Gene: AIRE
Protein: p.Ala19=
Coding: c.57G>A
MANE Select: NM_000383
dbSNP: rs761739665
Type: single nucleotide variant
Location: chr21:44286063 (GRCh38)
Gene constraint: LOEUF 1.169 · pLI <0.01 (gnomAD)
Structure: AlphaFold pLDDT 62.30 · 4 PDB
Residue 19: the hsr domain

Full AIRE gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, interactions & more

Disease context

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 — disease report on Sugi Atlas → Associated genes, phenotypes, clinical trials & treatments

For Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1 (Orphanet):

Inheritance: Autosomal recessive
Onset: Adolescent, Childhood
Prevalence: 1-9 / 100 000 (Finland)

Similar variants

AIRE p.Ala19Thr Uncertain significance ⚠ same residue
AIRE p.Ala19fs Likely pathogenic ★ same residue
AIRE c.1095+2T>C Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.1096-1G>A Pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.1278+1G>A Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.1279-2A>G Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.1503+1G>A Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.1503+1G>T Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition

Built on 18 open, versioned datasets — ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, REVEL, ClinGen & more — plus Sugi Variant's own cross-source analysis. Source data 2026-01–2026-10, ClinVar 2026-10. Full sources & versions →

Cite Sugi Variant

Gür T. Sugi Variant: A Deterministic Per-Variant Germline Reference from a Knowledge Graph for Humans and AI Agents. 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21509445. This variant: https://sugi.bio/variant/aire-p-ala19 (accessed [today's date]).

Preprint & method: sugi.bio/variant/method Machine-readable: this page as Markdown