Is AIRE p.His448= (c.1344C>T) pathogenic?

AIRE p.His448= (c.1344C>T) is classified Likely benign in AIRE (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 5 submitters; last evaluated 2026-01-17). Ultra-rare (popmax 0.0292%, nfe); Associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.

What condition is associated with AIRE p.His448= (c.1344C>T)?

AIRE p.His448= (c.1344C>T) is associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (ClinVar).

How common is AIRE p.His448= (c.1344C>T) in the general population?

AIRE p.His448= (c.1344C>T) is ultra-rare (popmax 0.0292%, nfe) (gnomAD).

How is Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1 inherited?

Typically Autosomal recessive (Orphanet). A genetic counselor can assess individual risk for a family.

AIRE p.His448=

c.1344C>T · rs201131119 · VCV458614

Likely benign Multiple submitters

Classification

Likely benign

ClinVar

Review

Multiple submitters ★★☆☆

ClinVar · 5 submitters

gnomAD v4.1

Rare

ultra-rare (popmax 0.0292%, nfe)

Conditions

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1

Computational evidence

Protein change
Missense predictors do not apply to this variant type; conservation carries the signal.
REVEL	0.518	indeterminate
Splicing
SpliceAI	—	not assessed · no allele here is in the release
Constraint at this position
Conservation	phyloP 1.5	GERP 1.3, phastCons 1
Overall
CADD	4.41	PHRED · no single calibrated threshold — expert panels disagree

Population frequency

gnomAD v4.1 · exomes + genomes

Grpmax group 0.0292% European (non-Finnish) · 345/1,179,562 alleles

Filtering AF 0.0266% ClinGen BA1/BS1 input FAF95, joint · FAF99 0.0256%

Overall 0.023% 367/1,596,880 alleles · ultra-rare

Ancestry group	Frequency	1 in
European (non-Finnish)grpmax	0.0292%	3,419
Remaining individualsnot grpmax-eligible	0.0161%	6,225
Admixed American	0.015%	6,662
Finnishnot grpmax-eligible	0.00206%	48,598
African / African-American	0.00134%	74,904
South Asian	0.0011%	91,036

Rarity supports pathogenicity (ACMG PM2); frequency above a disease-specific BA1/BS1 threshold argues against it. A variant frequent in one ancestry group can be near-absent in others, so a single global figure can mislead.

Variant & gene context

Gene: AIRE
Protein: p.His448=
Coding: c.1344C>T
MANE Select: NM_000383
dbSNP: rs201131119
Type: single nucleotide variant
Location: chr21:44293854 (GRCh38)
Gene constraint: LOEUF 1.169 · pLI <0.01 (gnomAD)
Structure: AlphaFold pLDDT 62.30 · 4 PDB
Residue 448: a β-strand

Full AIRE gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, interactions & more

Disease context

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 — disease report on Sugi Atlas → Associated genes, phenotypes, clinical trials & treatments

For Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1 (Orphanet):

Inheritance: Autosomal recessive
Onset: Adolescent, Childhood
Prevalence: 1-9 / 100 000 (Finland)

Similar variants

AIRE p.His448Gln Uncertain significance ★ ⚠ same residue
AIRE c.1095+2T>C Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.1096-1G>A Pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.1278+1G>A Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.1279-2A>G Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.1503+1G>A Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.1503+1G>T Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
AIRE c.463+2T>C Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition

Built on 18 open, versioned datasets — ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, REVEL, ClinGen & more — plus Sugi Variant's own cross-source analysis. Source data 2026-01–2026-10, ClinVar 2026-10. Full sources & versions →

Cite Sugi Variant

Gür T. Sugi Variant: A Deterministic Per-Variant Germline Reference from a Knowledge Graph for Humans and AI Agents. 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21509445. This variant: https://sugi.bio/variant/aire-p-his448 (accessed [today's date]).

Preprint & method: sugi.bio/variant/method Machine-readable: this page as Markdown