Is APOB p.Pro4= (c.12G>A) pathogenic?

APOB p.Pro4= (c.12G>A) is classified Likely benign in APOB (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 2 submitters; last evaluated 2025-10-17). Very rare (popmax 0.00645%, eas); Associated with familial hypercholesterolemia.

What condition is associated with APOB p.Pro4= (c.12G>A)?

APOB p.Pro4= (c.12G>A) is associated with familial hypercholesterolemia, hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant, type B, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia 1 (ClinVar).

How common is APOB p.Pro4= (c.12G>A) in the general population?

APOB p.Pro4= (c.12G>A) is very rare (popmax 0.00645%, eas) (gnomAD).

APOB p.Pro4=

c.12G>A · VCV3762634

Likely benign Multiple submitters

Classification

Likely benign

ClinVar

Review

Multiple submitters ★★☆☆

ClinVar · 2 submitters

gnomAD v4.1

Rare

very rare (popmax 0.00645%, eas)

Conditions

familial hypercholesterolemia

Computational evidence

Protein change
Missense predictors do not apply to this variant type; conservation carries the signal.
Splicing
SpliceAI	—	not assessed · no allele here is in the release
Constraint at this position
Conservation	phyloP -1.8	GERP -1.5
Overall
CADD	11.42	PHRED · no single calibrated threshold — expert panels disagree

Population frequency

gnomAD v4.1 · exomes + genomes

Grpmax group 0.00645% East Asian · 2/31,002 alleles

Filtering AF 0.00107% ClinGen BA1/BS1 input FAF95, joint · FAF99 0.000399%

Overall 0.00124% 15/1,209,628 alleles · very rare

Ancestry group	Frequency	1 in
East Asiangrpmax	0.00645%	15,501
Remaining individualsnot grpmax-eligible	0.0039%	25,624
Admixed American	0.00321%	31,130
European (non-Finnish)	0.000945%	105,831

Rarity supports pathogenicity (ACMG PM2); frequency above a disease-specific BA1/BS1 threshold argues against it. A variant frequent in one ancestry group can be near-absent in others, so a single global figure can mislead.

Variant & gene context

Gene: APOB
Protein: p.Pro4=
Coding: c.12G>A
MANE Select: NM_000384
Type: single nucleotide variant
Location: chr2:21043934 (GRCh38)
Gene constraint: LOEUF 0.537 · pLI <0.01 · ClinGen HI 3/3 (gnomAD)

Full APOB gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, interactions & more

Disease context

familial hypercholesterolemia — disease report on Sugi Atlas → Associated genes, phenotypes, clinical trials & treatments

Also linked: hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant, type B familial hypobetalipoproteinemia 1

Similar variants

APOB c.1830-1G>A Pathogenic ★★ same condition
APOB c.2604+1G>A Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
APOB c.537+1G>T Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
APOB p.Arg1333Ter Pathogenic ★★ same condition
APOB p.Arg2012Ter Pathogenic ★★ same condition
APOB p.Arg2085Ter Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
APOB p.Arg2513Ter Pathogenic ★★ same condition
APOB p.Arg2520Ter Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition

Built on 18 open, versioned datasets — ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, REVEL, ClinGen & more — plus Sugi Variant's own cross-source analysis. Source data 2026-01–2026-10, ClinVar 2026-10. Full sources & versions →

Cite Sugi Variant

Gür T. Sugi Variant: A Deterministic Per-Variant Germline Reference from a Knowledge Graph for Humans and AI Agents. 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21509445. This variant: https://sugi.bio/variant/apob-p-pro4 (accessed [today's date]).

Preprint & method: sugi.bio/variant/method Machine-readable: this page as Markdown