Is COX10 p.Lys138Ter (c.412A>T) pathogenic?

COX10 p.Lys138Ter (c.412A>T) is classified Likely pathogenic in COX10 (ClinVar, Single submitter, 1 submitter; last evaluated 2024-04-15). Very rare (popmax 0.00268%, afr); Associated with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 3.

What condition is associated with COX10 p.Lys138Ter (c.412A>T)?

COX10 p.Lys138Ter (c.412A>T) is associated with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 3 (ClinVar).

How common is COX10 p.Lys138Ter (c.412A>T) in the general population?

COX10 p.Lys138Ter (c.412A>T) is very rare (popmax 0.00268%, afr) (gnomAD).

How is Isolated cytochrome C oxidase deficiency inherited?

Typically Autosomal recessive, Mitochondrial inheritance (Orphanet). A genetic counselor can assess individual risk for a family.

COX10 p.Lys138Ter

c.412A>T · VCV3581660

Likely pathogenic Single submitter

Classification

Likely pathogenic

ClinVar

Review

Single submitter ★☆☆☆

ClinVar · 1 submitter

Consequence

nonsense (stop-gain)

predicted LoF

gnomAD v4.1

Rare

very rare (popmax 0.00268%, afr)

Conditions

mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 3

Computational evidence

Protein change
Missense predictors do not apply to this variant type; conservation carries the signal.
Consequence	nonsense (stop-gain)	predicted loss-of-function
NMD	predicted	premature termination codon in exon 3 of 7
REVEL	0.253	benign-leaning
Splicing
SpliceAI	—	not assessed · no allele here is in the release
Constraint at this position
Conservation	phyloP 2.6	GERP 1.1, phastCons 0.002
Overall
CADD	35.0	PHRED · no single calibrated threshold — expert panels disagree

Predicted loss-of-function is descriptive, not an applied PVS1 code.

Population frequency

gnomAD v4.1 · exomes + genomes

Grpmax group 0.00268% African / African-American · 2/74,744 alleles

Filtering AF 0.000444% ClinGen BA1/BS1 input FAF95, joint · FAF99 0.000166%

Overall 0.000186% 3/1,613,556 alleles · very rare

Ancestry group	Frequency	1 in
African / African-Americangrpmax	0.00268%	37,372
East Asian	0.00223%	44,838

Rarity supports pathogenicity (ACMG PM2); frequency above a disease-specific BA1/BS1 threshold argues against it. A variant frequent in one ancestry group can be near-absent in others, so a single global figure can mislead.

Variant & gene context

Gene: COX10
Protein: p.Lys138Ter
Coding: c.412A>T
MANE Select: NM_001303
Type: single nucleotide variant
Location: chr17:14076969 (GRCh38)
Gene constraint: LOEUF 0.934 · pLI <0.01 · ClinGen HI gene assoc. with recessive phenotype (gnomAD)
Structure: AlphaFold pLDDT 77.11

Full COX10 gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, interactions & more

Disease context

mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 3 — disease report on Sugi Atlas → Associated genes, phenotypes, clinical trials & treatments

For Isolated cytochrome C oxidase deficiency (Orphanet):

Inheritance: Autosomal recessive, Mitochondrial inheritance

Similar variants

COX10 p.Lys138fs Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity ★ same residue
COX10 p.Asp336Val Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
COX10 p.Gln230Ter Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
COX10 p.Pro225Leu Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
COX10 c.-89G>C Uncertain significance ★★ same condition
COX10 c.-89G>T Uncertain significance ★★ same condition
COX10 p.Ala174Thr Uncertain significance ★★ ⚠ same condition
COX10 p.Ala175Val Uncertain significance ★★ ⚠ same condition

Built on 18 open, versioned datasets — ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, REVEL, ClinGen & more — plus Sugi Variant's own cross-source analysis. Source data 2026-01–2026-10, ClinVar 2026-10. Full sources & versions →

Cite Sugi Variant

Gür T. Sugi Variant: A Deterministic Per-Variant Germline Reference from a Knowledge Graph for Humans and AI Agents. 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21509445. This variant: https://sugi.bio/variant/cox10-p-lys138ter (accessed [today's date]).

Preprint & method: sugi.bio/variant/method Machine-readable: this page as Markdown