Is CTSC p.Leu78= (c.234T>C) pathogenic?

CTSC p.Leu78= (c.234T>C) is classified Likely benign in CTSC (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 2 submitters; last evaluated 2023-10-19). Very rare (popmax 0.00134%, afr); Associated with Papillon-Lefevre disease.

What condition is associated with CTSC p.Leu78= (c.234T>C)?

CTSC p.Leu78= (c.234T>C) is associated with Papillon-Lefevre disease, Haim-Munk syndrome, periodontitis, aggressive (ClinVar).

How common is CTSC p.Leu78= (c.234T>C) in the general population?

CTSC p.Leu78= (c.234T>C) is very rare (popmax 0.00134%, afr) (gnomAD).

How is Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome inherited?

Typically Autosomal recessive (Orphanet). A genetic counselor can assess individual risk for a family.

CTSC p.Leu78=

c.234T>C · rs778989416 · VCV1114644

Likely benign Multiple submitters

Classification

Likely benign

ClinVar

Review

Multiple submitters ★★☆☆

ClinVar · 2 submitters

gnomAD v4.1

Rare

very rare (popmax 0.00134%, afr)

Conditions

Papillon-Lefevre disease

Computational evidence

Protein change
Missense predictors do not apply to this variant type; conservation carries the signal.
REVEL	0.401	indeterminate
Splicing
SpliceAI	—	not assessed · no allele here is in the release
Constraint at this position
Conservation	phyloP -3.2	GERP -3.4
Overall
CADD	2.263	PHRED · no single calibrated threshold — expert panels disagree

Population frequency

gnomAD v4.1 · exomes + genomes

Grpmax group 0.00134% African / African-American · 1/74,776 alleles

Filtering AF 0.000293% ClinGen BA1/BS1 input FAF95, joint · FAF99 0.000212%

Overall 0.00056% 9/1,608,544 alleles · very rare

Ancestry group	Frequency	1 in
African / African-Americangrpmax	0.00134%	74,776
European (non-Finnish)	0.000681%	146,889

Rarity supports pathogenicity (ACMG PM2); frequency above a disease-specific BA1/BS1 threshold argues against it. A variant frequent in one ancestry group can be near-absent in others, so a single global figure can mislead.

Variant & gene context

Gene: CTSC
Protein: p.Leu78=
Coding: c.234T>C
MANE Select: NM_001814
dbSNP: rs778989416
Type: single nucleotide variant
Location: chr11:88335021 (GRCh38)
Gene constraint: LOEUF 1.051 · pLI <0.01 (gnomAD)
Structure: AlphaFold pLDDT 90.64 · 18 PDB
Residue 78: a disulfide bond

Full CTSC gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, interactions & more

Disease context

Papillon-Lefevre disease — disease report on Sugi Atlas → Associated genes, phenotypes, clinical trials & treatments

Also linked: Haim-Munk syndrome periodontitis, aggressive

For Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (Orphanet):

Inheritance: Autosomal recessive
Onset: Childhood, Infancy, Neonatal
Prevalence: 1-9 / 1 000 000 (Worldwide)

Similar variants

CTSC p.Leu78Arg Uncertain significance ★ ⚠ same residue
CTSC c.319-1G>A Pathogenic ★★ same condition
CTSC c.757+1G>T Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
CTSC c.-55C>A Pathogenic ★★ same condition
CTSC p.Arg210Ter Pathogenic ★★ same condition
CTSC p.Arg250Ter Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
CTSC p.Arg272His Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ ⚠ same condition
CTSC p.Arg272Pro Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition

Built on 18 open, versioned datasets — ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, REVEL, ClinGen & more — plus Sugi Variant's own cross-source analysis. Source data 2026-01–2026-10, ClinVar 2026-10. Full sources & versions →

Cite Sugi Variant

Gür T. Sugi Variant: A Deterministic Per-Variant Germline Reference from a Knowledge Graph for Humans and AI Agents. 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21509445. This variant: https://sugi.bio/variant/ctsc-p-leu78 (accessed [today's date]).

Preprint & method: sugi.bio/variant/method Machine-readable: this page as Markdown