Is ENG p.Thr45= (c.135C>T) pathogenic?

ENG p.Thr45= (c.135C>T) is classified Likely benign in ENG (ClinVar, Single submitter, 1 submitter; last evaluated 2025-05-06). Ultra-rare (popmax 0.0165%, mid); Associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

What condition is associated with ENG p.Thr45= (c.135C>T)?

ENG p.Thr45= (c.135C>T) is associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (ClinVar).

How common is ENG p.Thr45= (c.135C>T) in the general population?

ENG p.Thr45= (c.135C>T) is ultra-rare (popmax 0.0165%, mid) (gnomAD).

How is Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia inherited?

Typically Autosomal dominant (Orphanet). A genetic counselor can assess individual risk for a family.

ENG p.Thr45=

c.135C>T · VCV4690979

Likely benign Single submitter

Classification

Likely benign

ClinVar

Review

Single submitter ★☆☆☆

ClinVar · 1 submitter

gnomAD v4.1

Rare

ultra-rare (popmax 0.0165%, mid)

Conditions

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Computational evidence

Protein change
Missense predictors do not apply to this variant type; conservation carries the signal.
Splicing
SpliceAI	—	not assessed · no allele here is in the release
Constraint at this position
Conservation	phyloP 2	GERP -2.2, phastCons 0.98
Overall
CADD	3.764	PHRED · no single calibrated threshold — expert panels disagree

Population frequency

gnomAD v4.1 · exomes + genomes

Grpmax group 0.0165% Middle Eastern · 1/6,062 alleles

Filtering AF 0.000292% ClinGen BA1/BS1 input FAF95, joint · FAF99 0.000211%

Overall 0.000616% 9/1,461,884 alleles · ultra-rare

Ancestry group	Frequency	1 in
Middle Easterngrpmax	0.0165%	6,062
European (non-Finnish)	0.000678%	147,507

Rarity supports pathogenicity (ACMG PM2); frequency above a disease-specific BA1/BS1 threshold argues against it. A variant frequent in one ancestry group can be near-absent in others, so a single global figure can mislead.

Variant & gene context

Gene: ENG
Protein: p.Thr45=
Coding: c.135C>T
MANE Select: NM_001114753
Type: single nucleotide variant
Location: chr9:127843178 (GRCh38)
Gene constraint: LOEUF 0.374 · pLI 1.00 · ClinGen HI 3/3 (gnomAD)
Structure: AlphaFold pLDDT 80.84 · 3 PDB
Residue 45: a disulfide bond; the 'required for interaction with gdf2' region; the 'or1, n-terminal part' region; a β-strand

Full ENG gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, interactions & more

Disease context

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia — disease report on Sugi Atlas → Associated genes, phenotypes, clinical trials & treatments

For Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Orphanet):

Inheritance: Autosomal dominant
Onset: All ages
Prevalence: 1-5 / 10 000 (Europe)

Similar variants

ENG p.Thr45fs Pathogenic ★★ same residue
ENG p.Arg529His Pathogenic ★★★ same condition
ENG p.Asn423Ser Likely pathogenic ★★★ ⚠ same condition
ENG p.Cys382Tyr Pathogenic ★★★ same condition
ENG p.Cys549Gly Likely pathogenic ★★★ same condition
ENG p.Gly331Ser Pathogenic ★★★ ⚠ same condition
ENG p.Gly603Arg Likely pathogenic ★★★ same condition
ENG p.Leu221Pro Likely pathogenic ★★★ same condition

Built on 18 open, versioned datasets — ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, REVEL, ClinGen & more — plus Sugi Variant's own cross-source analysis. Source data 2026-01–2026-10, ClinVar 2026-10. Full sources & versions →

Cite Sugi Variant

Gür T. Sugi Variant: A Deterministic Per-Variant Germline Reference from a Knowledge Graph for Humans and AI Agents. 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21509445. This variant: https://sugi.bio/variant/eng-p-thr45 (accessed [today's date]).

Preprint & method: sugi.bio/variant/method Machine-readable: this page as Markdown