Is FOXC1 p.Pro69= (c.207G>T) pathogenic?

FOXC1 p.Pro69= (c.207G>T) is classified Benign/Likely benign in FOXC1 (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 2 submitters; last evaluated 2026-01-12). Rare (popmax 0.375%, afr); Associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 3.

What condition is associated with FOXC1 p.Pro69= (c.207G>T)?

FOXC1 p.Pro69= (c.207G>T) is associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 3 (ClinVar).

How common is FOXC1 p.Pro69= (c.207G>T) in the general population?

FOXC1 p.Pro69= (c.207G>T) is rare (popmax 0.375%, afr) (gnomAD).

FOXC1 p.Pro69=

c.207G>T · rs35974174 · VCV705717

Benign/Likely benign Multiple submitters

Classification

Benign/Likely benign

ClinVar

Review

Multiple submitters ★★☆☆

ClinVar · 2 submitters

gnomAD v4.1

Rare

rare (popmax 0.375%, afr)

Conditions

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 3

Computational evidence

Protein change
Missense predictors do not apply to this variant type; conservation carries the signal.
Splicing
SpliceAI	—	not assessed · no allele here is in the release
Constraint at this position
Conservation	phyloP 0.065	GERP -4, phastCons 0.8
Overall
CADD	5.72	PHRED · no single calibrated threshold — expert panels disagree

Population frequency

gnomAD v4.1 · exomes + genomes

Grpmax group 0.375% African / African-American · 281/75,002 alleles

Filtering AF 0.339% ClinGen BA1/BS1 input FAF95, joint · FAF99 0.325%

Overall 0.0198% 320/1,613,112 alleles · rare exomes 157/1,460,952 · genomes 163/152,160 · joint denominator

Ancestry group	Frequency	1 in
African / African-Americangrpmax	0.375%	267
Middle Eastern	0.0518%	1,932
Admixed American	0.0317%	3,159
Remaining individualsnot grpmax-eligible	0.0208%	4,805
South Asian	0.0011%	91,066
European (non-Finnish)	0.000254%	393,312

Rarity supports pathogenicity (ACMG PM2); frequency above a disease-specific BA1/BS1 threshold argues against it. A variant frequent in one ancestry group can be near-absent in others, so a single global figure can mislead.

Variant & gene context

Gene: FOXC1
Protein: p.Pro69=
Coding: c.207G>T
MANE Select: NM_001453
dbSNP: rs35974174
Type: single nucleotide variant
Location: chr6:1610652 (GRCh38)
Gene constraint: LOEUF 1.276 · pLI 0.05 · ClinGen HI 3/3 (gnomAD)
Structure: AlphaFold pLDDT 56.09

Full FOXC1 gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, interactions & more

Disease context

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 3 — disease report on Sugi Atlas → Associated genes, phenotypes, clinical trials & treatments

Similar variants

FOXC1 p.Pro69Leu Uncertain significance ★★ ⚠ same residue
FOXC1 p.Pro69Ala Uncertain significance ★ ⚠ same residue
FOXC1 p.Pro69Ser Uncertain significance ★ ⚠ same residue
FOXC1 p.Arg127His Pathogenic ★★ same condition
FOXC1 p.Arg127Leu Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
FOXC1 p.Arg170Trp Pathogenic ★★ same condition
FOXC1 p.Cys135Tyr Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
FOXC1 p.Gln106Ter Pathogenic ★★ same condition

Built on 18 open, versioned datasets — ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, REVEL, ClinGen & more — plus Sugi Variant's own cross-source analysis. Source data 2026-01–2026-10, ClinVar 2026-10. Full sources & versions →

Cite Sugi Variant

Gür T. Sugi Variant: A Deterministic Per-Variant Germline Reference from a Knowledge Graph for Humans and AI Agents. 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21509445. This variant: https://sugi.bio/variant/foxc1-p-pro69 (accessed [today's date]).

Preprint & method: sugi.bio/variant/method Machine-readable: this page as Markdown