PARP4 — 248 ClinVar variants
All ClinVar germline PARP4 variants across every classification, each assembled from ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, conservation and more. 211 flagged for review →
2 Conflicting · 11 Benign · 15 Likely benign · 220 Uncertain significance
Full PARP4 gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, constraint & interactions⚑ Evidence disagreements 211
Variants where the independent computational evidence doesn't line up with the clinical picture — a QC signal for a second look, not a reclassification.
Predictors agree, ClinVar conflicts 2
ClinVar submitters conflict, but the independent predictors unanimously agree — a QC review flag, not a reclassification.
Predictors lean, ClinVar uncertain 180
ClinVar classifies these uncertain (VUS), but the independent predictors unanimously lean one way — a triage signal for review, not a reclassification. · showing the 150 best-reviewed of 180
- PARP4 p.Arg1238Gln Uncertain significance Multiple submitters
- PARP4 p.Ala1029Glu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ala1071Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ala1131Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ala123Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ala1333Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ala1333Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ala1353Pro Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ala1381Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ala1517Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ala1628Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg1010Cys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg1010Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg1181Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg1241Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg1278His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg1332Gly Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg1332His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg1345His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg1492Gln Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg586Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg809Cys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg82Trp Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg85Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg994Cys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg994His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asn217His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asn363Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asn368Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asn421Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asn52Asp Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asn554Asp Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asn554Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asn619Tyr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asn647Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asn934His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp1064Tyr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp1375Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp1526Gly Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp1546Asn Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp1625Glu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp181Glu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp181Gly Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp193Asn Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp194Ala Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp293Asn Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp504Gly Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Asp865Asn Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Cys1099Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Cys380Tyr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln1153Glu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln1212His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln1533Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln535Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln599Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln599His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln708Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln894Glu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln988His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu1149Gly Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu1196Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu1259Asp Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu163Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu315Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu398Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu583Gln Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu596Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu688Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu695Ala Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu796Ala Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu888Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gly1003Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gly1022Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gly1367Asp Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gly470Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gly741Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gly778Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gly778Glu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gly834Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.His1438Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.His330Gln Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.His438Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.His514Gln Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.His531Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.His678Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile1004Met Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile1549Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile1561Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile1686Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile219Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile300Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile353Met Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile633Met Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile640Met Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile683Met Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile789Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile833Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu1301Pro Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu1432Met Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu302Phe Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu427Phe Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu437Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu737Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu957Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu973Ile Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Lys509Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Lys604Glu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Lys664Glu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met1209Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met1250Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met1250Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met1630Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met196Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met269Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met281Ile Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met566Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met787Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met887Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met887Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Met936Ile Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Phe1000Cys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Phe1272Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Phe1350Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Phe548Tyr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Phe589Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro1244Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro1295Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro1295Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro1300Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro1321Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro1329Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro1391Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro1445Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro146His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro1514Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro1514Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro329Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro335Ala Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro408Thr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro525Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro576Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro622Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro711Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro928Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro94Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ser1223Ala Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ser1246Cys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ser1504Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ser1507Asn Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ser1511Asn Uncertain significance Single submitter
Predictors split 29
The independent predictors disagree with each other — read with care.
- PARP4 p.Ala211Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg1130Gln Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Arg970Trp Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Cys668Tyr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Cys9Tyr Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln1117His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gln555His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu1115Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu361Asp Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Glu854Lys Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gly1593Val Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Gly918Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.His803Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ile77Met Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu1158Pro Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu1577His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Leu499His Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Lys629Asn Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Phe415Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Phe518Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro285Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Pro965Arg Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Ser1713Pro Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Thr1629Ser Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Val1111Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Val169Gly Likely benign Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Val639Ala Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Val815Leu Uncertain significance Single submitter
- PARP4 p.Val975Gly Uncertain significance Single submitter
All PARP4 variants
Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity 2
- p.Arg1220Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg967Gln Single submitter ⚠
Benign 11
- p.Arg462Cys Multiple submitters
- p.Glu1214= Multiple submitters
- p.His901= Multiple submitters
- p.Lys1249= Multiple submitters
- p.Lys991Arg Multiple submitters
- p.Ser1186= Multiple submitters
- p.Val1065Ala Multiple submitters
- c.3285+7_3285+9del Single submitter
- c.3286-12dup Single submitter
- c.4980-8dup Single submitter
- p.Leu118Val Single submitter
Likely benign 15
- p.Val69Ile Multiple submitters
- p.Ala1469Gly Single submitter
- p.Arg1278Cys Single submitter
- p.Arg434Lys Single submitter
- p.Arg462His Single submitter
- p.Gln244Lys Single submitter
- p.Glu1183= Single submitter
- p.Glu1680= Single submitter
- p.Leu1206= Single submitter
- p.Leu507= Single submitter
- p.Lys724Thr Single submitter
- p.Val169Gly Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val469= Single submitter
- p.Val469Ile Single submitter
- p.Val859= Single submitter
Uncertain significance 220
- p.Arg1238Gln Multiple submitters ⚠
- p.Ala1029Glu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ala1071Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ala1131Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ala123Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ala1333Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ala1333Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ala1353Pro Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ala1381Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ala1517Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ala1628Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ala211Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1010Cys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1010Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1130Gln Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1181Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1241Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1278His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1332Gly Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1332His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1345His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1492Gln Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg1689Trp Single submitter
- p.Arg586Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg809Cys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg82Trp Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg85Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg970Trp Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg994Cys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Arg994His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asn217His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asn363Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asn368Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asn421Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asn52Asp Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asn554Asp Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asn554Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asn619Tyr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asn647Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asn934His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp1064Tyr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp1375Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp1526Gly Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp1546Asn Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp1625Glu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp181Glu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp181Gly Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp193Asn Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp194Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp293Asn Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp504Gly Single submitter ⚠
- p.Asp865Asn Single submitter ⚠
- p.Cys1099Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Cys380Tyr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Cys668Tyr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Cys9Tyr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln1117His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln1153Glu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln1212His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln1533Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln535Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln555His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln599Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln599His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln708Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln894Glu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gln988His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu1115Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu1149Gly Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu1196Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu1259Asp Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu163Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu315Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu361Asp Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu398Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu583Gln Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu596Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu688Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu695Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu796Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu854Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Glu888Lys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gly1003Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gly1022Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gly1367Asp Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gly1593Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gly470Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gly741Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gly778Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gly778Glu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gly834Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Gly918Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.His1438Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.His330Gln Single submitter ⚠
- p.His438Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.His514Gln Single submitter ⚠
- p.His531Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.His678Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.His803Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile1004Met Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile1549Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile1561Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile1686Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile219Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile300Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile353Met Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile633Lys Single submitter
- p.Ile633Met Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile640Met Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile683Met Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile77Met Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile789Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ile833Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu1158Pro Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu1301Pro Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu1432Met Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu1577His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu302Phe Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu427Phe Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu437Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu453Phe Single submitter
- p.Leu499His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu737Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu957Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Leu973Ile Single submitter ⚠
- p.Lys509Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Lys604Glu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Lys629Asn Single submitter ⚠
- p.Lys664Glu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Lys730Gln Single submitter
- p.Met1209Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met1250Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met1250Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met1630Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met196Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met269Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met281Ile Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met566Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met787Val Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met887Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met887Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Met887Val Single submitter
- p.Met936Ile Single submitter ⚠
- p.Phe1000Cys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Phe1272Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Phe1350Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Phe415Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Phe518Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Phe548Tyr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Phe589Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro1244Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro1295Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro1295Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro1300Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro1321Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro1329Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro1391Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro1445Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro146His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro1514Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro1514Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro285Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro329Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro335Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro408Thr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro525Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro576Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro622Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro711Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro722Thr Single submitter
- p.Pro928Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro94Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Pro965Arg Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser1223Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser1246Cys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser1504Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser1507Asn Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser1511Asn Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser1525Asn Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser1685Phe Single submitter
- p.Ser1698Phe Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser1713Pro Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser212Gly Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser371Tyr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser407Asn Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser440Phe Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser529Gly Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser63Tyr Single submitter ⚠
- p.Ser884Ala Single submitter
- p.Thr1120Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr1298Pro Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr1312Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr133Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr1385Ile Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr1428Ile Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr1629Ser Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr423Ile Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr541Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr751Ile Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr810Ile Single submitter ⚠
- p.Thr986Pro Single submitter
- p.Trp78Arg Single submitter
- p.Tyr1087Cys Single submitter
- p.Tyr1454Asn Single submitter ⚠
- p.Tyr218His Single submitter ⚠
- p.Tyr645Cys Single submitter
- p.Tyr839Cys Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val1056Ile Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val1111Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val1505Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val15Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val417Ile Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val636Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val639Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val651Met Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val69Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val743Ala Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val794Met Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val815Leu Single submitter ⚠
- p.Val975Gly Single submitter ⚠