Is SAMHD1 p.Glu48= (c.144G>A) pathogenic?

SAMHD1 p.Glu48= (c.144G>A) is classified Likely benign in SAMHD1 (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 3 submitters; last evaluated 2026-01-02). Very rare (popmax 0.0022%, nfe); Associated with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 5.

What condition is associated with SAMHD1 p.Glu48= (c.144G>A)?

SAMHD1 p.Glu48= (c.144G>A) is associated with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 5, chilblain lupus 2 (ClinVar).

How common is SAMHD1 p.Glu48= (c.144G>A) in the general population?

SAMHD1 p.Glu48= (c.144G>A) is very rare (popmax 0.0022%, nfe) (gnomAD).

How is Aicardi-Goutières syndrome inherited?

Typically Autosomal dominant, Autosomal recessive (Orphanet). A genetic counselor can assess individual risk for a family.

SAMHD1 p.Glu48=

c.144G>A · rs140157384 · VCV1637251

Likely benign Multiple submitters

Classification

Likely benign

ClinVar

Review

Multiple submitters ★★☆☆

ClinVar · 3 submitters

gnomAD v4.1

Rare

very rare (popmax 0.0022%, nfe)

Conditions

Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 5

Computational evidence

Protein change
Missense predictors do not apply to this variant type; conservation carries the signal.
Splicing
SpliceAI	—	not assessed · no allele here is in the release
Constraint at this position
Conservation	phyloP 2	GERP 1.6, phastCons 1
Overall
CADD	15.89	PHRED · no single calibrated threshold — expert panels disagree

Population frequency

gnomAD v4.1 · exomes + genomes

Grpmax group 0.0022% European (non-Finnish) · 26/1,180,024 alleles

Filtering AF 0.00153% ClinGen BA1/BS1 input FAF95, joint · FAF99 0.0013%

Overall 0.00167% 27/1,614,082 alleles · very rare

Ancestry group	Frequency	1 in
European (non-Finnish)grpmax	0.0022%	45,385
Remaining individualsnot grpmax-eligible	0.0016%	62,482

Rarity supports pathogenicity (ACMG PM2); frequency above a disease-specific BA1/BS1 threshold argues against it. A variant frequent in one ancestry group can be near-absent in others, so a single global figure can mislead.

Variant & gene context

Gene: SAMHD1
Protein: p.Glu48=
Coding: c.144G>A
MANE Select: NM_015474
dbSNP: rs140157384
Type: single nucleotide variant
Location: chr20:36951500 (GRCh38)
Gene constraint: LOEUF 0.889 · pLI <0.01 · ClinGen HI gene assoc. with recessive phenotype (gnomAD)
Structure: AlphaFold pLDDT 88.45 · 76 PDB
Residue 48: the sam domain; an α-helix

Full SAMHD1 gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, interactions & more

Disease context

Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 5 — disease report on Sugi Atlas → Associated genes, phenotypes, clinical trials & treatments

Also linked: chilblain lupus 2

For Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (Orphanet):

Inheritance: Autosomal dominant, Autosomal recessive
Onset: Antenatal, Infancy, Neonatal
Prevalence: 1-5 / 10 000 (Europe)

Similar variants

SAMHD1 p.Glu48Gly Uncertain significance ★ ⚠ same residue
SAMHD1 c.1062+1G>T Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
SAMHD1 c.1411-2A>G Pathogenic ★★ same condition
SAMHD1 c.509+1G>A Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
SAMHD1 c.626-1G>C Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
SAMHD1 p.Arg106Ter Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
SAMHD1 p.Arg134Ter Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
SAMHD1 p.Arg143Cys Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition

Built on 18 open, versioned datasets — ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, REVEL, ClinGen & more — plus Sugi Variant's own cross-source analysis. Source data 2026-01–2026-10, ClinVar 2026-10. Full sources & versions →

Cite Sugi Variant

Gür T. Sugi Variant: A Deterministic Per-Variant Germline Reference from a Knowledge Graph for Humans and AI Agents. 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21509445. This variant: https://sugi.bio/variant/samhd1-p-glu48 (accessed [today's date]).

Preprint & method: sugi.bio/variant/method Machine-readable: this page as Markdown