Is EXT2 p.Cys96Tyr (c.287G>A) pathogenic?

EXT2 p.Cys96Tyr (c.287G>A) is classified Uncertain significance in EXT2 (ClinVar, Single submitter, 1 submitter; last evaluated 2024-03-25). AlphaMissense: likely pathogenic (0.9994); Very rare (popmax 0.000169%, nfe); Associated with exostoses, multiple, type 2.

What condition is associated with EXT2 p.Cys96Tyr (c.287G>A)?

EXT2 p.Cys96Tyr (c.287G>A) is associated with exostoses, multiple, type 2, seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly syndrome (ClinVar).

How common is EXT2 p.Cys96Tyr (c.287G>A) in the general population?

EXT2 p.Cys96Tyr (c.287G>A) is very rare (popmax 0.000169%, nfe) (gnomAD).

How is Multiple osteochondromas inherited?

Typically Autosomal dominant (Orphanet). A genetic counselor can assess individual risk for a family.

What do computational predictors say about EXT2 p.Cys96Tyr (c.287G>A)?

AlphaMissense predicts likely pathogenic (score 0.9994) — an in-silico prediction, not a clinical call.

EXT2 p.Cys96Tyr

c.287G>A · VCV3599602

Uncertain significance Single submitter

Classification

Uncertain significance

ClinVar

Review

Single submitter ★☆☆☆

ClinVar · 1 submitter

AlphaMissense

likely pathogenic

0.9994 · ACMG-weighted

gnomAD v4.1

Rare

very rare (popmax 0.000169%, nfe)

Missense predictors

2/3 damaging

AlphaMissense, REVEL, SaProt

Conditions

exostoses, multiple, type 2

Computational evidence

Protein change
AlphaMissense	0.9994	likely pathogenic · top 2% in EXT2
REVEL	0.92	moderately pathogenic-leaning
SaProt	LLR -9.64	tolerated
⇒ AlphaMissense and REVEL call this damaging; SaProt does not.
Splicing
SpliceAI	—	not assessed · no allele here is in the release
Constraint at this position
Conservation	phyloP 12	GERP 2.3, phastCons 1
Regional constraint	o/e 0.93	unconstrained · MANE · 99 kb · p 0.085 · regional, not allelic
Overall
CADD	29.8	PHRED · no single calibrated threshold — expert panels disagree

AlphaMissense carries the ACMG weight for missense; REVEL and SaProt are independent agreement signals.

Population frequency

gnomAD v4.1 · exomes + genomes

Grpmax group 0.000169% European (non-Finnish) · 2/1,180,034 alleles

Filtering AF 2.8e-05% ClinGen BA1/BS1 input FAF95, joint · FAF99 1.1e-05%

Overall 0.000124% 2/1,614,040 alleles · very rare exomes 1/1,461,846 · genomes 1/152,194 · joint denominator

Rarity supports pathogenicity (ACMG PM2); frequency above a disease-specific BA1/BS1 threshold argues against it. A variant frequent in one ancestry group can be near-absent in others, so a single global figure can mislead.

Variant & gene context

Gene: EXT2
Protein: p.Cys96Tyr
Coding: c.287G>A
MANE Select: NM_207122
Type: single nucleotide variant
Location: chr11:44107999 (GRCh38)
Gene constraint: LOEUF 0.775 · pLI <0.01 · ClinGen HI 3/3 (gnomAD)
Structure: AlphaFold pLDDT 87.59 · 6 PDB
Residue 96: a disulfide bond; a turn

Full EXT2 gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, interactions & more

Disease context

exostoses, multiple, type 2 — disease report on Sugi Atlas → Associated genes, phenotypes, clinical trials & treatments

Also linked: seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly syndrome

For Multiple osteochondromas (Orphanet):

Inheritance: Autosomal dominant
Onset: Childhood
Prevalence: >1 / 1000 (Specific population)

Similar variants

EXT2 c.1079+1G>A Pathogenic ★★ same condition
EXT2 c.1079+1G>T Pathogenic ★★ same condition
EXT2 c.1173+1G>A Pathogenic ★★ same condition
EXT2 c.1662+1G>C Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
EXT2 c.536+1G>A Pathogenic ★★ same condition
EXT2 c.626+1G>A Pathogenic ★★ same condition
EXT2 c.626+1G>C Pathogenic ★★ same condition
EXT2 c.626+1G>T Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition

Built on 18 open, versioned datasets — ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, REVEL, ClinGen & more — plus Sugi Variant's own cross-source analysis. Source data 2026-01–2026-10, ClinVar 2026-10. Full sources & versions →

Cite Sugi Variant

Gür T. Sugi Variant: A Deterministic Per-Variant Germline Reference from a Knowledge Graph for Humans and AI Agents. 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21509445. This variant: https://sugi.bio/variant/ext2-p-cys96tyr (accessed [today's date]).

Preprint & method: sugi.bio/variant/method Machine-readable: this page as Markdown