Is XDH p.Arg97Ser (c.291G>T) pathogenic?

XDH p.Arg97Ser (c.291G>T) is classified Uncertain significance in XDH (ClinVar, Multiple submitters, 2 submitters; last evaluated 2026-02-05). AlphaMissense: likely benign (0.3223); Very rare (popmax 0.00668%, eas); Associated with xanthinuria type II.

What condition is associated with XDH p.Arg97Ser (c.291G>T)?

XDH p.Arg97Ser (c.291G>T) is associated with xanthinuria type II (ClinVar).

How common is XDH p.Arg97Ser (c.291G>T) in the general population?

XDH p.Arg97Ser (c.291G>T) is very rare (popmax 0.00668%, eas) (gnomAD).

How is Hereditary xanthinuria inherited?

Typically Autosomal recessive (Orphanet). A genetic counselor can assess individual risk for a family.

What do computational predictors say about XDH p.Arg97Ser (c.291G>T)?

AlphaMissense predicts likely benign (score 0.3223) — an in-silico prediction, not a clinical call.

XDH p.Arg97Ser

c.291G>T · rs763026593 · VCV2147153

Uncertain significance Multiple submitters

Classification

Uncertain significance

ClinVar

Review

Multiple submitters ★★☆☆

ClinVar · 2 submitters

AlphaMissense

likely benign

0.3223 · ACMG-weighted

gnomAD v4.1

Rare

very rare (popmax 0.00668%, eas)

Missense predictors

0/3 damaging

AlphaMissense, REVEL, SaProt

Conditions

xanthinuria type II

Computational evidence

Protein change
AlphaMissense	0.3223	likely benign
REVEL	0.272	benign-leaning
SaProt	LLR -3.42	tolerated
⇒ AlphaMissense, REVEL and SaProt all call this tolerated.
Splicing
SpliceAI	—	not assessed · no allele here is in the release
Overall
CADD	22.5	PHRED · no single calibrated threshold — expert panels disagree

ClinVar classifies this uncertain; the computational predictors unanimously lean tolerated — a triage signal, not a reclassification

AlphaMissense carries the ACMG weight for missense; REVEL and SaProt are independent agreement signals.

Population frequency

gnomAD v4.1 · exomes + genomes

Grpmax group 0.00668% East Asian · 3/44,882 alleles

Filtering AF 0.00177% ClinGen BA1/BS1 input FAF95, joint · FAF99 0.000891%

Overall 0.000205% 3/1,461,828 alleles · very rare

Rarity supports pathogenicity (ACMG PM2); frequency above a disease-specific BA1/BS1 threshold argues against it. A variant frequent in one ancestry group can be near-absent in others, so a single global figure can mislead.

Variant & gene context

Gene: XDH
Protein: p.Arg97Ser
Coding: c.291G>T
MANE Select: NM_003104 · reported on NM_000379
dbSNP: rs763026593
Type: single nucleotide variant
Location: chr2:31401235 (GRCh38)
Structure: AlphaFold pLDDT 98.06 · 3 PDB
Residue 97: a β-strand

Full XDH gene report on Sugi Atlas → Gene function, pathways, protein structure, interactions & more

Disease context

xanthinuria type II — disease report on Sugi Atlas → Associated genes, phenotypes, clinical trials & treatments

For Hereditary xanthinuria (Orphanet):

Inheritance: Autosomal recessive
Onset: All ages

Similar variants

SORD p.Gly97Val Uncertain significance ★ ⚠ same residue
XDH c.1602+1G>A Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
XDH c.565-1G>A Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
XDH p.Arg1283Ter Pathogenic ★★ same condition
XDH p.Arg228Ter Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
XDH p.Arg825Ter Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
XDH p.Gln251Ter Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ★★ same condition
XDH p.Lys722Ter Pathogenic ★★ same condition

Built on 18 open, versioned datasets — ClinVar, gnomAD, AlphaMissense, REVEL, ClinGen & more — plus Sugi Variant's own cross-source analysis. Source data 2026-01–2026-10, ClinVar 2026-10. Full sources & versions →

Cite Sugi Variant

Gür T. Sugi Variant: A Deterministic Per-Variant Germline Reference from a Knowledge Graph for Humans and AI Agents. 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21509445. This variant: https://sugi.bio/variant/xdh-p-arg97ser (accessed [today's date]).

Preprint & method: sugi.bio/variant/method Machine-readable: this page as Markdown